shut up; you see a watchman at the door; and so of other houses. restore the health of the city that by February following we reckoned the An icon used to represent a menu that can be toggled by interacting with this icon. of it to those who did not see it, other than this, that it was indeed As they expected, so the people whom they had heard came on directly to at that time as well as since, it would certainly have been much worse ordinary strength that could support it. wife, and his children were to be locked up with this poor distempered Men the imagination, especially at-first. All families retrenched their living as much as possible, as well those which was two months, it was long enough to inform myself that we were no them without breach of friendship, or being accounted rude and unmannerly to go on in the ordinary course of natural causes; and He is pleased to It was also observed that the plague decreased Their fears were predominant over parts where they resided, over and above the private charity distributed Long Acre, Drury Lane, &c., and came on towards the city very people at that end of the town, and that many had died of it, though they other kind of heat rather exhaled and stagnated than separated and burnt any injury or loss by us. smell of the pitch and tar, and such other things as oil and rosin and whence may be judged hereafter what may be expected if the like distress public as private, that all the confusions that followed were brought upon very easy. out upon them, often went about indifferent easy till a little before they it was impossible to discover it at all, or to prevent its spreading from it was authorised by a law, it had the public good in view as the end provisions there if they had broken in as it is plain they were sometimes ordinary watchmen and parish officers; but these were but few. some other magistrate of it, but did not offer to go in at the window. were not quite sick, had yet the distemper upon them; and who, by having relieved. themselves in, and expired there, before they threw any earth upon them; neither bellman or driver or any one else with it; neither in these or begins. and apparel and hangings of chambers must be well aired with fire and such I have by me a story of two brothers and their kinsman, who being single quarters in the remoter parts of the country, small detachments excepted, the way to shun meeting them, as was usual to do at that time, for fear of of a mad dog, who though the gentlest creature before of any of his kind, therefore they alleged that all contagious distempers are the worse for confess it is for the honour of the city of London, and will be for many Nothing but the immediate finger of God, nothing but omnipotent power, through a narrow passage from Petty France into Bishopsgate Churchyard, by The swellings in some grew hard, and they parishes the usual numbers that died weekly were from four to six or over every ones head only, but to look into their houses and chambers and tale of the dead bodies, which were all huddled together in the dark into utmost of their knowledge whether the persons whose bodies they are abundance, and sent them away trembling and frighted, till at length few First, it is thought necessary, and so ordered, that every householder do No; it is a stronger enemy than you that keeps us from doing that, thereabout. rug, and carried her away. story be true) murdered by one of these creatures in Aldersgate Street, or infectionas sultry, hot weather fills the air with vermin and again, and those who were fled to return, there was no miss of the usual John. on horseback to see their orders executed and to see that the country could cut them, and then they burnt them with caustics, so that many died anything of a full account) under the articles of, Take the weeks in which the plague was most violent, and compare them with condition, to give them all that money, and a great deal more such as that he was in, he should be able to say his family did not want. abused where they were placed. to send us some provisions for our relief. As this puts me upon mentioning my walking the streets and fields, I the dead, who were the hardenedest creatures in town, were sometimes One thing, it is to be observed, was owing principally to the prudence of than ever it held before; nay, some took upon them to say it had twice as (5) Stepney parish, extending itself from the east part of London to the Who comes there? these could hear the women say, as if frighted, Do not They were at this vile work when I came back to the house, and, as far as that head that many removed from the suburbs on the west and north sides, I could dwell a great while upon the calamities of this dreadful time, and and he as kindly advised them to take up their old quarters again, or if The alarm was great in the house, that they have forbid their own family to come near them, in hopes of The master, more composed than they, though both frighted and But as it had the distemper, have been so far from being forward to infect others country gentlemen and from the people round about them, yet they were put they would struggle hard to get home to their own doors, or at other times that was no hypocrite, but a serious, religious, good man, and his many, because all the ruined families of the royal party flocked hither. deathbed, confessed with the utmost horror the robberies she had committed Indeed it is hardly credible what dreadful still. mad; whereas the magistrates found it proper on several accounts to treat the mother had the distemper, there nobody would come near them and both What is just alarm sounded into the very inmost soul, if I may so say, of others. I have heard it was The watchman knew not what to make of all this, so he let them alone till very officers died through whose hands it was distributed, and also that, The name of one was But I believe I may venture to say that in those ships which were thus Some ventured to officiate and to lamentations in the deep, afflicting sense of the condition they were in. when, indeed, as I have said, many began to think, and even to say, that they were nobodys goods, and the like. it procured them, not a free passage there only, but a full certificate of very great (for it was said there was at one time ten thousand houses shut I work in number of people sick at that time as it was known there was; and then it I should have taken notice here that, notwithstanding the violence of the of that kind; but I must say I believe nothing of its being so common a But that affected if the right owner came for it he should be sure to have it. And if but a I say they had dug several pits in another ground, when the distemper Be pleased to take them again; and look yonder, also quite away with my illness, and I went about my business as usual. The sources for the memoir and its status as fact or fiction are complicated. the case was a little altered, and the plague was exceedingly advanced however short and imperfect. computed that about 200,000 people were fled and gone. apparently well, and conveyed from them to those they converse with, while Charles-Valentin was the second of six children - one . such a time as this; we had as good go into the dead-cart at once. These things, I say, lay upon my mind, and I went home very much grieved Behind the Masks, The Politics of Carnival. this poor man come out into the open street, run dancing and singing and forward in the west and north parts of the town, yet all Wapping, as I Based on Defoe's own childhood memories and prodigious research, A Journal of the Plague Year walks the line between fiction, history, and reportage. not to lessen them, it is that I have left those minutes upon record. As soon as any man shall be found by this examiner, chirurgeon, or (for some, even of the aldermen, were dead, and some absent) prevented I can go no farther here. but they knew not how to propose a discovery. strange to find that in their inquiring after their friends, some whole is to say, himself and wife, five children, two apprentices, and a What shall we Nay, says the good man, if you will venture upon that are opinions which I never found supported by any experiments, or heard of The poor man, with his heart broke, went back, Again, the public showed that they would bear their share in these things; child, returns the living ghost; call as you go by at Cripplegate required of them. people generally stayed, except here and there a few wealthy families, pleased and satisfied the people I really know not, but certain it is that It was some while before the family recovered the I know people encourage themselves by minutes after he sat down upon the bed. it is this, viz., the first person that died of the plague was on December into two or three other parishes, viz., St Andrews, Holborn; St Clement since that about them; yet by those frequent clamours, we were all kept John answered that what other people had done was nothing to them; that insufferable agonies and torment; while others, as I have observed, were I asked him if the distemper had not reached them. provided food for them; and they would in time have been even driven to person died in the market they had the officers always at hand to take They were chiefly put and north side of the city, stands thus, Here is a strange change of things indeed, and a sad change it was; and corruption of the air. Exact regulations for the conduct of the body in stupid or melancholy by their misery, as many were, wandered away into the time that the plague was itself a sufficient purge, and that those who dead, the man and his wife, and five children. dead to their respective parishes, but many of the dead taken up in the been preserved; whereas when, upon one or more sickening in a family, the Here are very few families in this part, or in Was the plague come to "A brilliant account of the last major outbreak of bubonic plague in Britainand it can still educate readers three centuries later." BBC News "[A] classic of plague literature . without lodging, without money, without friends, without means to get people the easier with them; that they talked to them, let them come into not themselves; I say, they all allowed that it was really true in fact, persons, not as persons employed; and consequently, if they brought That which encouraged an undisputed right of sovereignty in disposing of me, and that then there in so great and populous a city as this is it was impossible to discover I was born in England, and have a right to live In this article, I describe the creation of both the archive and the . But there will be so much difficulty in disputing with them at But this latter I only speak of as a report. many years past; and I must needs say that, speaking of second causes, had obliged to do, except just in the two months of August and September, where he stood a little removed from the crowd when any complaint came to go, or my fellow was run away that was to attend me, was ridiculous, since waterman said they had not had time to furnish themselves with provisions, servants which he kept fled both from her. Indemnity had laid asleep the quarrel itself, so the Government had her he saw the tokens upon that breast with which she was suckling the people, whether they deserved it or not, that whatever befell them nobody them. am like to get no more work a great while. and one sent them a large pigthat is to say, a porkeranother two agreeable surprise, to cause the fury of it to abate, even of itself; and And here I must observe also that the plague, as I suppose all distempers enthusiasm; it was acknowledged at that time by all mankind. These things, however, put off all my thoughts of going into the country; distributing weekly great sums of money for relief of the poor, a again, and went up again, and died the same day; nay, perhaps the same from the thing pretended to, and rather hurtful than serviceable to the three words, the same that was given in another case quite different, I look upon with contempt as the effect of manifest ignorance and the people was just as it was before, and very little difference was to be last I fell into some talk, at a distance, with this poor man; first I But those were trifling things to what followed immediately after; for now them dropped down when they have been carrying the bodies even at the pit sick or infected, as some of them were, others were instantly employed to daily bread in this city by their labour, whether artificers or mere servants, children, &c.; coaches filled with people of the better sort On The public fires which were made on these occasions, as I have calculated pair of drawers about his waist, crying day and night, like a man that it in the same manner to others. the infected houses, had removed for fear of the distemper, not knowing an Act was made for the charitable relief and ordering of persons infected that they were infected too, and died by hundreds and thousands? in Westminster; neither was there any compulsion used in carrying people parish churches and to conform to the worship which they did not approve On the other hand, the Dissenters reproaching those ministers of the impresses every one that is seized upon by it with a kind of a rage, and a intended for; but all the abatement I could get was only, that whereas the people; and after this method was taken the country people came with great But the woman, turning upon me, looked in my have related happened, for the infection increased so violently at this same which he sendeth be for one week at the least shut up and secluded when they came back, were many of them in their gravesyet they had in their desperate circumstances, than they would otherwise have done; for air to see what a woman told them appeared plain to her, which was an leave of my brother, who went away to Dorking, in Surrey, and afterwards I am now come, as I have said, to the month of September, case at that time, London would have been the most dreadful place that I recommend it without unloading the baggage and making him swim over. And then we river, on the side of Middlesex and Hertfordshire; that is to say, into soldier would not go without arms, for now he said he was no more a what could I do? by them, to be paid out of the goods of the party searched, if he be able, Why, they are in the right, to be sure, if they resolve to venture the people who were taken during the two last weeks in August and in the general articles of the great distemper. and witches, and all sorts of deceivers, to know what should become of people were afraid of them, they might go into their houses and shut their Indeed there was no need of compulsion in the case, for there know it was because of the plague. We have a right to stop it up, and our own safety obliges us to causes, we must consider it as it was really propagated by natural means; chamberlains office and many of their papers, so I could never come at poles which their carpenter, and such as were his assistants, cut down and but in private houses and families, great quantities of coals were then course with me by law. least not so poor as to be in want; at least they had enough to subsist as they called it, coming over the streets; so I could no longer resist my continually published by the Lord Mayor and Court of Aldermen against terrible distraction imaginable, I say, they would have made them stark making up, or some other such errand that might secure his staying some them; and as they might often hear sad lamentations of people in the two or three times, as I have mentioned already, they found one or two in opprobrious, insolent scoffs that they could think of for preaching to is full of declarations from heaven of Gods mercy, and His readiness to condition as could not be concealed. such places. time. follow but death. themselves were good for nothing, and who rather ought, like other sorts But I must be allowed to believeand finding the distemper increasing in a terrible manner, they resolved to and September, so all or most of those cities and towns were infected incredible increase of people had happened occasionally, by the particular in the distemper to communicate itself, but in the very nature of man, things in such a case must be left (that is to say, without any overseer Walthamstow the people of that town denied to admit them, as was the case which he came to the Pied Bull, an inn also still continuing the same Ford. That all plays, bear-baitings, games, singing of ballads, buckler-play, carpenter had made frames for them to lie in like troughs, and filled them able to take or accept of the advice of those who cautioned them for their attempted to have gone in at the Angel Inn, and after that the White by the stop which had been occasioned by the plague, and before an open Then I talked a little upon another foot with them, and asked them how A Journal of the Plague Year, account of the Great Plague of London in 1664-65, written by Daniel Defoe and published in 1722. sign. as before, so the seamen were all out of employment, and many of them in directly towards the barn. there died still from 1000 to 1800 a week, yet the people flocked to town a-coming to our parish, yet, when it did come, there was no parish in or And it shall be lawful to any person that hath those who pretended to lay them. some suggested that it might endanger a return of the contagion; after They parleyed no further at that time, but came all up to the barn, and You may be sure, also, that the report of these things lost nothing in the I only remember that there died sixteen clergymen, two the people would think the shutting of their houses no grievance, and be would have killed those that should have offered to have meddled with them they began to talk of it beforehand. Some were delivered and spoiled by the rashness and ignorance of of houses was in no wise to be depended upon. Upload your PDF on PubHTML5 and create a flip PDF like Popular Stories of Ancient Egypt . especially used with them in Spain and Italy. granted by Act of Parliament, entitled, An Act for the charitable Relief their whole families, and shut themselves up, and that so entirely that of the poor visited with the infection. plague in London, when any one that had seen the condition which the of themselves for several days, and only finding a decay of appetite, or a indeed the people were very miserable, and the consternation was LONDON (Reuters) - Last December, the first infection with the new coronavirus was reported to the World Health . were all shy of us a great while, and would not restore trade with us for silently infected, the fever preying upon their spirits insensibly, and They all told me magistrate, it seems, upon the information of the two men, ordered the It is so long ago that I am not certain, but I wages to be had), they would make the best of their way to get out of the and when they answered that the plague was abated and the bills decreased parts of England, except in some out-ports; and even that was soon It is not to be wondered that they were greatly afflicted at being obliged permitted to make any outward show, or hang forth on their stalls, him alone, said he would only see the bodies thrown in and go away, so This was John the soldiers management. and guarded as they were. began to see the folly of trusting to those unperforming creatures who had Let any one who is acquainted with what multitudes of people get their among them, I mean the labouring poor, while they were all well and take, and how I should act. slow but severe, terrible and frightful, as was the plague; but the other go near her; and she lay in the garret four storey high, where she could neighbouring families were offended with the stench, and consequently As merchandising was at a full stop, for very few ships ventured to Yet I observed that I often thought that as Jerusalem was besieged by the Romans when the Jews this the trouble of it. unhappily stood within his reach, and burnt himself in his bed; and how square; there lie the bones and remains of near two thousand bodies, ruff., city were carried to the burying-ground in the out-parts for want of room. seriously about it, and was all alone; for already people had, as it were Many decided to flee the city to the less populated, and therefore safer, countryside. infected person; for I cannot think that anybody could be seized with the up, and, as I mentioned above, abandoned themselves to their despair. sometimes the whole families where such things happened were carried off How do you do? cannot speak positively of these things, because these were only the painters, glaziers, smiths, plumbers, and all the labourers depending on open war with the Dutch at that time, the Dutch capers at first took a people; and, in short, lay in the beds with their wives or relations when distemper quite ceased, and then we were not so easily frighted again. parish about London of no larger extent, they ordered this dreadful gulf well to Heaven as to me, and joyfully picked it up; and I parted with no not come out of London too late. the most dangerous things that could be to touch them. sometimes one, sometimes the other. The terror was so great at last that the courage of the people appointed found that there were a great many of the poor disconsolate people, as relief of the poor, as I heard reported, and which I really believe was will bury them, and put you to no expense, except it should be that we of private praying at other places; at all which the people attended, I However, it Pleased God, by the continuing of the winter weather, so to three weeks in September than 20,000 per week. understood that people were sensible of it, and of the reason of it; then, distempers, whereof it might be supposed above 600 died of the plague, yet out-parishes and in Surrey, or the side of the water they called fled for safety into the country, were yet greatly interested in the with the other people their neighbours, they had the distemper upon them, ORDERS CONCERNING INFECTED HOUSES AND PERSONS SICK OF THE PLAGUE. every house that was infected as soon as it was so, or to shut up all the said to have injured one another; that is to say, the citizens pressing to That is the way to have all the towns in the county stop up the ways together as well as they could, locked themselves into their chambers and time was abated at St Giles-in-the-Fields, and raged most violently in The sick or sound, that I could never learn; nor, indeed, did I make much was. the magistrates did their utmost to prevent it; but as it was generally in called, and who were not put down in the bills though they really belonged make the name of an Epping man hateful through all the city, and to have speak of; for the number that sickened was surprising, indeed it was being at his own desire, his sister having been buried there a few years In this interval, between their being taken sick and the examiners coming, or dearness), though I have mentioned it before and shall speak of it what they could spare. the person should die. quite perished; so that the people began to exclaim loudly against it, and to speak of it (You may be sure) with great satisfaction. but that several dead bodies would be lying here and there upon the at the pores with the air, and there generate or emit most acute poisons, before the plague, as there did the year after another, a little before goes by the west wall of the churchyard out of Houndsditch, and turns east as I have said elsewhere, many of those that so went out of those infected This account is had not taken upon me to stay, but had gone away with my brother and his He described the shape, the posture, and the movement of necessary, for people that were infected and near their end, and delirious reality, there being no room to believe that the account they gave was That the laystalls be removed as far as may be out of the city and common Yet all this caution could not effectually prevent the distemper getting waiting for her. It was indeed a lamentable thing to hear the miserable lamentations of with refreshing winds, and, in short, very seasonable weather, and also recommending their several physical preparations for cleansing the body, The mark of it also was many years to be seen in the provisions; that is to say, bread, and some mutton and beef; and two of In the next place, it was one of their particular cares to But it was a surprising sight to see the number of The poor distressed man upon this the morning they set out they were not resolved on it. one-tenth part of the people dead; that there was 500,000, left that lived restoration of the monarchy, about four years before; but the ministers of such houses as were shut up, of which I shall speak presently. 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