The wandering student expects a high position in the church hierarchy. a) Zema Bet (Music school) The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church Home English Franais Deutsch Oriental Church Music Photo Gallery Video Links Calendar = = 2003-Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church -About-us . Ethiopian liturgical chant, or Zema, is a form of Christian liturgical chant practiced by the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. The teacher first translates the sentence into Amharic and then comments on it. The resulting high morale in the school community helps the individual student to adapt himself to the hard work. () = , 1. 37 - , 1 - - ( 1 - 7 ) , 2 - , 6 - , 8 - - ( 8 - 11 ) , 9 - , 1 - .. , 2 - , 3 - , 4 - , 5 - , 6 - , 7 - , 8 - ' , 9 - , 10 - ' , 11 - , 12 - , 13 - , 14 - , 15 - , 16 - , 17 - , 18 - . Addis Ababa December 1970. Written by Professor Sergew Hable Sellassie and Professor Tadesse Tamerat [4] It has been suggested by Monneret de Villard that liturgical dance, that always accompanies the music, has its origins in the Ancient Egyptian dance. However, before and after the mass there are readings of the scriptures, ritual dance, and long hymns and poems. 2003-Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church - About-us . () = - ., 10. ( ) = , 2. The Qene lessons usually start in the afternoon or in some places early in the evening. . What is the process of learning the letters? When the pupil is able to read a text, he starts a new lesson known in Amharic as Yemata Timhirt, i.e. GUNDI WEYNI ( ) : https://youtu.be/8rKoXPaauI47. = , 16. Privacy-Statement . [2][9] It can be assumed that the notations have become more and more complex as time has passed. In the evening the pupils come to the house of the teacher, which is also at the same time the school itself All stand around the teacher while the lesson is given. Today the standardized table Aa, Bu, Gi, Da is much used, however, so that the pupil may learn even this by heart and only comes to distinguish the individual characters well after much practice. At this stage memorization is not felt as a burden by the student, because ever since his early days in the Nebab Bet he has developed his powers of memorization. This page was last edited on 29 November 2022, at 02:51. Pupils need not understand the texts of these books, but they have to be able to read them well, since thee are the books read in the church service, where young boys serve as readers, deacons, and later on as priests. In doing so, a In doing so, a mixed-method research ap proach with the convergent parallel . Modern theological colleges exist which combine traditional studies with the broader curriculum demanded in the twentieth century. . . 3. Zema or the chant tradition of Ethiopia, particularly the chants of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, is attributed to St. Yared, a composer and a choreographer who lived in Aksum in the 6th century AD. .. = , 28. One of the main reasons for this change is that the graduates of the church schools have lost their traditional elite status in the social order, which today particularly in the modern sector, is being occupied by those who have a modern western type of education. (2), - = , 8 - = , 2 - = , 9 - = , 12 - = , 7 - = [ ]. . . Refresh. - ., 2. () = , 2. Generally, the approach to reality is well mixed with mythical attitudes. The main courses of study are in church music, church poetry, and religious literature, each divided according to content of instruction. 1 = . The child, who is led by his teacher or a monitor, touches with a straw each letter from left to right of the table and names the letter in a loud voice. = , 8 . = , 9. Usually a candidate for his training is attached to a priest or monk to whom he gives certain services, accompanying him on visits of families, festivals, and ceremonies in and outside the parish. The church school system has the following divisions: (Literature school) 1) The Nebab Bet The Nebab Bet, the Reading School or the "House of Reading" is the first stage of the traditional schools, where primary instruction is given. = , 08. The habit of memorization and the uncritical acceptance of the commentary condition the mode of thinking of the student. This hope is perhaps one of the motives that encourages the student to spend more that half of his life at such a school. Theoretically, priests and monks can also be characterized as Debtera, if they have completed studies in one of the higher schools. In earlier times the letters were written on a roll of parchment, which the pupil carried with him. [6] He invented three forms of chanting. Traditionally, teachers in different areas select any text for reading. The advanced student of the Qne bet acting as assistant teacher is called zrafi, lit. When he has composed his Qene verse after the model assigned to him by the teacher, he then approaches the teacher, who sits for the most part of the day at a place known to all. = , 3. The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church had been administratively part of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria from the first half of the 4th century until 1959, when it was granted autocephaly with its own patriarch by Pope Cyril VI of Alexandria, Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church. () -., 18 - = , 11 - = , 20 - = , 21 - = , 3. The four steps are repeatedly drilled on the same text, Fidel Hawaria. KEYARI TARIKEY ( ): https://youtu.be/3bpkpnH9qqUiTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/album/id14481Apple Music : http://itunes.apple.com/album/id/14483. 13 - ( ) = . Thus relatively little education is expected from a young man to be ordained an altar priest. There are different Qne bet the main centres of learning are in Wadla (Wllo), Gong (Goggam), Wara (Damot, Goggam); Gondr (s. Admasu Gmbre 1971/72: 10). A new comer must ask him for permission to attend his classes. We shall not discuss here the historical development, but rather the educational activities of the schools, as we know them today in the country. () : = , 2. Deggwa, Ethiopian antiphons, in particular are of much later origin, dating from the second half of the 16th century. The Qene School is perhaps the only school where the students can received both intellectual and traditional training. On the day of his graduation the student is asked, by the guests and students present, to im- provize as many qne as they wish. " " " " . () = () ., 10 - () = , 11 - ( ) = ( ) - ., 12 - () = , 9. MARYAM () : https://youtu.be/6I1ujFtU0CciTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/album/id14481Apple Music : http://itunes.apple.com/album/id/14482. . In practice however, few fall into this category, and these few are not usually known as Debtera. = , 11 - = , 12 - = , 13 - = , 14 - = , 15 - . The last branch of the Metsehaf Bet is the Menekosat, the School of Commentaries on monastic literature. . 2003-Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church -, 1 - () = , 19 = , 2 () = , 20 = ( ) , 3 - , 21 = ( ) , 4 - () = , 22 = () , 5 - () = , 23 = () , 6 = , 24 = ( ) , 7 () = , 25 = ( ) , 8 = , 26 = , 9 = , 27 = ( ) , 10 = , 28 = ( ) , 11 = , 29 = ( ) - , 12 = , 30 = ( ) - , 13 = ( ) = , 31 = ( ) - , 14 = , 32 = , 15 = , 33 = ( ) - , 16 = , 34 = () - , 17 = , 35 = () - , 18 ' = ( ) . = , 25. It is difficult to estimate the number of Nebab Bet in the country or to evaluate the school population involved. = , 28 - = . Ancient chanted liturgy with congregation participating with clapping, ululation and rhythmic movements has been retained from that era. Through observation or day-to-day practice and instruction by his priest-master, the boy learns the Church activities and functions of a deacon and of a priest. [ . . = , 1. There is a large concentration of qualified priests (qes) and musicians (dbtra) in Washington, D.C. = , 4. This timetable shows that the student does not assimilate his lesson passively it happens in other branches of traditional learning. - . The child uses four methods to practice reading this text known as Fidel Hawaria or the first Epistle of St. john, first he pronounces every letter of the word pointing at each letter with a straw (Qutir-method). The first type is known as Beluy. and hunter (adda), because he leaves everything, even his native village and relatives, in order to study qnepoetry (nbaqom Qal Wld in PICES 3, vol. ], 8. Source In the course of the centuries the school system has grown and changed in many ways. The teacher may then make some remarks on the students work for the day. c) Metsehaf Bet Saint John Chrysostom, Qerlos and others. At the end the graduation ceremony is closed by inviting him to sit on the chair (wmbr) of his master. Fewer young people are motivated to study in the higher church schools. Debesey/Exesabeque#Eritrea #Ethiopia #TigraiWay Zema/ : Dn Filmon Yebyo: Orthodox Tewahdo Mezmur 2021https://youtu.be/oEOuYUPqFi4Zemari Filmo Yebyo Zema. Online Status. ( ) = - ., 3. an evening lesson, or Yeqal Timhirt, i.e. Nsebho LeEgziabher Sibuha Zetesebha 1 Yaredawi . The student strains his power of expression to construct the Qene verses in a vivid, enigmatic manner or to express his experience in social life in connection with biblical stories, visions, and legendary events. Senne 04 (June 11) | The Ethiopian Synaxarium, Senne 03 (June 10) | The Ethiopian Synaxarium, Senne 02 (June 09) | The Ethiopian Synaxarium, Senne 01 (June 08) | The Ethiopian Synaxarium, Ginbot 30 (June 07) | The Ethiopian Synaxarium. BEALTI XELOT ( ) : https://youtu.be/yyz8lAfwMFY6. Its graduates become cantors of Ethiopian Orthodox (Twado) Church. = [ ], 3 - ( ) = , 4 - = , 5 - = , 7 - = , 8 - = , 9 - . [ . ], 4. . This does not include pupils receiving instruction in the village schools and in private compounds. Their functions are extending rather to teaching, writing, ritual music, poetry, dances, painting, and administration of the church. Each group sings from a single text, or one of the groups sings and the rest observe him. Ethiopian Orthodox Church school's curriculum and its ways of provision, assessment, code of conduct, methodology and the livelihood of Ye'qolo Temari. The church schools that have been described above provide the continuation of traditional education in Ethiopia. There are ofcourse reasons for their diligence. Ethiopia is, after all, the only African country to have preserved Christianity as its religion for over a millennium and a half. The modern schools often accepts more readily in their primary grades those children who can already read and write. The teaching highly emphasized Christian and Islamic dogma; Christian education at primary level often conducted by clergy in place of worship and major monasteries located . . Regional varieties may have become standardized over time, and more symbols and segments of music have become available for composers. At certain ceremonies he may recite prayers, if no priest is available. [2] The tradition began after the sixth century and is traditionally identified with Saint Yared. . Aside from the Authoritarian tradition there is another consideration; the student is not allowed to have a critical opinion about any text to be commented upon, since it is believed that God revealed the content to the Fathers through the Holy Sprit. = , 4. . A teacher specialized in this branch of the liturgy teachers the Gebre Diquna and Gebre Qissina, i.e. house of zema [chant]) is a part of the system of traditional church education. The first subject of study for the child is the set of Geez letters, known as the Fidel. These are the only members of the clergy who are allowed to celebrate the mass and administer sacraments. . . Some of the pupils who complete the Nebab Bet join a Qedasse School, one of the schools are the liturgy. Rather, it is as a mnemonic. The students begins by learning first the simplest Qene form known as the Gubae Qana which is epigram composed of two rhyming verses. To demonstrate this we should describe the average study day at the Zema Bet. / eathebook ! [ . ], 30. Ethiopian Christian music is largely sustained by communities of descent. It has been expounded by the fathers of the Church both in the . Now the child practices read learns to take much care over words that must be read to together, the accents, the pauses and the soft or hard pronunciations of the syllables. [12], Since the mid-1970s, large-scale emigration of Ethiopians has created a diaspora in the United States. a) Fidel Instruction , 1. The teacher either accepts the verses or the offers critical comments and sends the student back for further meditation, students come at intervals to the teacher to recite in the manner. The methods of practicing the reading are those described under the Fidel Hawaria, namely, Qutir, Geez, Wurdnebab, and Nebab. [8] It follows upon the nbab bet, the zema bet, the qddase bet and precedes the mshaf bet. The Ethiopian Orthodox Church and Ethiopian Orthodox Mezmur have a long history in Ethiopia although their origins are not clear. = , 16 - = , 9. The leading teachers and scholars of the church, who are known as Debtera, are trained in the higher school. memorization. , 14. 3) higher schools, namely Usually, there is no financial support for the students who must earn their living by begging and occasional works. [2], Any form of Ethiopian gospel music was not recorded until the 1950s when priest Mere Geta Lisanework assisted the Ethiopian Radio in recording. Singing students (dq mermur) become singers (dbtra) and some will eventually become masters (mrigta). b) Quene Bet and (Poetry school) . = , 06. The Qne bet takes from three to five years. The pupil then repeats the sentence till he knows it well. c) Reading of the Psalm of David. Gradually the pupil masters the art of good reading. The way to the Qne bet is long and difficult. As the main task of the session some Geez verbs are conjugated, and the proper usage of selected verbs and nouns is demonstrated by examples from different Qene verses composed by the teacher and advanced students on the spot. [7] The Synaxarium of the Ethiopian Church attests that Ethiopian liturgical chants are faithful to Yared and divine in nature. The students listen attentively and try to remember the comment word for word. Each Nebab Bet may have an average of 20 pupils. Roles of Orthodox teachings. The function of an altar priest is limited to carrying out the rituals of the Mass and the Sacraments. Moreover, having its own written language and literature it developed from very early days a tradition of ecclesiastical scholarship. 12 - () = . (Literature school). Children of the clergy, who use church lands usually enter such schools in order to become deacon or priests in a church (and thus keep their church land in the hands of the family). The girls from traditional families who have attended the school usually marry before or shortly after they complete the lessons in the House of Reading. He is credited for inventing the zema of the Church; the chant that has been in use continuously for the last almost 1500 years. The final stage known as Qum Nebab is simple, if the above stage are well-mastered. Last updated 14 Jan. 2023 video Despite it's the Ethiopia Orthodox Mezmur old history and undiscovered information this topic is given a little focus and . It is generally recognized that the most able clergy of the Church are those trained in the Qene School. A member of the Oriental Orthodox family of Churches, the Church of Ethiopia shares with them in essence a common faith. The main interest and purpose of the school is, however, not to develop poetic and other aesthetic interests in the child or youth, but to enable him to carry out the Church rituals. After leaving the teacher each group moves apart and tries to comment on the text just as the teacher did, as much as possible word for word. () = , 20. = , 15. A graduate of the Metsehaf Bet enjoys high prestige as a scholar and can take a high post in the Church hierarchy, such as head of a monastery (Gedam) or a large church (Debre). It is accessible to students who have completed the nbab bet and, as a rule, the qddase bet. If one misses a word or an idea, another member of the group recalls it and supplements. Traditionally a boy can receive only the Nebab Bet instruction while he is at home. After repeating the entire book of Psalms several times using Wurdnebab, he continues reading for months, even over a year, using the Qum-Nebab reading method. A reader of the psalms enjoys certain privileges as one of the elite in his village. When one of the students has mastered the hymn, he goes and sings before the teacher. One could say that in the Qene School the content of learning covers practically all aspects of the values of the traditional social system in which the student lives. raider. c) Metsehaf Bet which again have different subdivisions. Ethiopianorthodox.org traffic volume is 941 unique daily visitors and their 1,881 pageviews. ( ) = , 1.. The exercise of reading can be quite difficult for the beginner, particularly because the text is in Geez, a language no longer spoken and therefore far from the experience of the child. The Journal of Ethiopian Church Studies (JECS) is a high-quality peer-reviewed research journal that is published under the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido Church Research Institute (EOTCRI) once a year. The story or legend of the saint whose feast is to be celebrated on the next day is then narrated; this comprises the theme of the Qene composition by the students, using the vocabulary and grammar already discussed at the session. A teacher specialized in Qedasse or the Mass is to be found in practically all the main churches. . The third branch is Liqawent, which presents studies and comments on the various writings of the Church Fathers, e.g. = , 9 - ( ) = ( )- ., 10 - . Zema means a pleasing sound, a song or a melody in Ge'ez,[1][3] the liturgical language of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. , 15 -. = , 20 - . However, in rural districts, parents generally discouraged the education of girls, since their function is to be housewives, and for this role no formal education is felt to be necessary. ( ) Instruction in the Nebab bet consists almost exclusively of reading. 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