Locate every ancestor and relative in every census in which they were alive (to the extent possible). The District of Selma for the Freedmen's Bureau contain records for Bibb, Dallas, Perry, and Wilcox counties in Alabama. Category: Clarke County, Alabama, Slavery, Slaves of William Armistead, Clarke County, Alabama. Where In Mississippi Should You Not Live? The transcriber did not notice any Only about 6 percent of African captives were sent directly to British North America. Start with the 1940 Census and work your way backwards. Antonia is a gifted educator, and she is widely respected within the education community. Linkpendium! not realize that ancestor was also listed as a slaveholder on the slave schedules, because published African American Genealogy records are much more difficult to find due to the scant nature of record keeping for blacks prior to the Civil War. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Census data on African Americans in the 1870 census was obtained using Heritage Quests CD personally to verify or modify the information in this transcription for their own purposes. The Thirteenth Amendment permanently abolished slavery in the United States in 1865. If found, the Clotilda would be the only ship from the U.S. slave trade ever recovered. See the Heritage Exchange Portal for more information on how to document slaves and slave owners. Excluding slaves, the 1860 U.S. population was 27,167,529, with When Alabama seceded from the Union in 1861, the state's 435,080 slaves made up 45 percent of the total population. 1850. This spring, the community secured a grant to build a museum, and many researchers and organizations remain interested in searching for the Clotilda. Categories: Alabama History | United States of America, Slavery | Alabama. colored population during that time, and were therefore more likely possible places of relocation The musician Questlove is descended from survivors of the ship, and when he discovered this on the genealogy show Finding Your Roots, historian Henry Louis Gates, Jr., told him, You hit the jackpot.. The 1852 Alabama Slave Code urged slaveholders to keep slave families together during sales whenever possible and to avoid separating children under the age of five from their mothers. Published information giving names of slaveholders and numbers of slaves held in Lawrence County, Alabama, in 1860, is either non-existent or not readily available. Pew Research Center does not take policy positions. Indexed data and browse are available for the following: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland . of justice and legality of claims of ownership need not be addressed in this transcription. January 19, 2022 by Donna R Causey. Appraisement and Inventory of Slaves in Wills, Macon County AL. This page and its subpages contain 26 links. (+1) 202-419-4300 | Main The wreckage was still visible at low tide for a few decades, yet remains elusive today. further research by those seeking to make connections between slaves and holders. When Alabama seceded from the Union in 1861, the states 435,080 slaves made up 45 percent of the total population. How can I find out if my family were slaves? States that saw significant increases in The captives were marched to the coast, often enduring long journeys of weeks or even months, shackled to one another. (41%); Ohio, up 26,000 (70%); Indiana, up 25,000 (127%); and Kansas up from 265 to 17,000 Where did 2008 - 2022 INTERESTING.COM, INC. Surrounded by cane brake, it was an ideal place to live undetected. Taken from The American Slave: A Composite Autobiography, this collection is the most complete available picture of the African-American slavery experience. Besides the various slave narratives . The schooner Clotilda, under the command of Captain William Foster and carrying a cargo of 124 Africans, arrived in Mobile Bay, Alabama, in July 1860. She has received numerous awards and accolades for her work, including being named one of the "Top 10 Educators to Watch" by Education Week magazine. This is a high-level category and should not have individual profiles added to it. There is simply no other historical document quite like it. But their story is also the story of all the Africans who arrived through the slave trade We see the unity, the strong bond between the people who were on slave ships, and the link also to their families back home that was never broken in peoples mind.. holders of the most slaves with the least amount of transcription work. advanced research techniques involving all obtainable records of the holder. African-American Civil War Soldiers & Sailors, 1850 Lawrence County, Alabama Slave Census, 1870 Federal Census, Black Households, Perry County, Register of Slaves Brought into Perry County, 1832, Marriage Records Index Colored Wilcox County 1873-1877, A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z, Ocmulgee Church (Baptist) Black and Slave Members, 1850 Federal Census, Mortality Schedule, Lowndes County, Your email address will not be published. The racist ideology that had once excused the actions of the state's slaveholders survived the Civil War and emancipation and carried over into the post-bellum era to support an array of Jim Crow laws that trampled upon the civil liberties of African Americans until they were overturned during the, 1819-1838: Early Statehood and Indian Removal. When the Civil war began, the town of Huntsville had 1,980 white residents and almost an equal number of Black residents: 1,654 slaves and 85 free. on the "Add your favorite Website(s) to this page" link. County population included 7,215 whites, 6 free colored and 8,085 slaves. Estimates of the number of former slaves who used the surname of a former owner in 1870, vary A mural of the Clotilda adorns a concrete embankment in Africatown, a community near Mobile founded by Africans illegally transported to Alabama aboard the slave ship. For, 37 Slaves, Page 269B, WHITE, M., Va. [from Virginia? They were saying that they knew that their families in Africa had been looking for them, Diouf says. Theres also no way of discovering, as Malcolm Xemphasized, their true family name. The slave trade ripped families apart, and records from slave ships and plantations often identified enslaved people with multiple or incomplete names. Dallas, Montgomery Lewis was one of about 30 Clotilda survivors forced to work for James Meaher for the next five years. Unable to return to Africa after emancipation on June 19, 1865aka Juneteenththey left records and gave interviews about who they were and where they came from that survive today. slave on the 1860 census, the free census for 1860 should be checked, as almost 11% of African Racially Freed slaves, if listed in the next census, in 1870, would have There, the captain bought people from the Benin region like Cudjo Lewis. (In almost all cases the slaves are listed only by gender, age, and color, not by name.) It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. This is a list of plantations and/or plantation houses in the U.S. state of Alabama that are National Historic Landmarks, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, listed on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage, or are otherwise significant for their history, association with significant events or people, or their architecture and design. This collection of interviews stands in contrast to other slave narratives that appear in most literature anthologies which were written by the rare few who, against staggering odds, had become literate. Compared to their white counterparts, slave families had more mother-headed households and were less patriarchal, and their typical lack of status and property undermined expressions of male authority. transcriber has chosen to use the term slaveholder rather than slave owner, so that questions American Cross Race Genealogy Research Home Mississippi State University How Did Slaves Get To Alabama? Slave families also lacked the institutional and legal rights and protections of white families. The Clotildasailed to a West African port now located in the country of Benin. WIKITREE PROTECTS MOST SENSITIVE INFORMATION BUT ONLY TO THE EXTENT STATED IN THE TERMS OF SERVICE AND PRIVACY POLICY. Name index and images of slave schedules listing slave owners and only age, gender and color data of the slaves in cesus states or territories in 1850. family tree, surname, vital records, biography, or otherwise who were enumerated with the same surname. If their parents were married, they would take their fathers surname. Originally named Kossula, he was only 19 years old when members of the Dahomean kingdom captured him and brought him to the coast for sale. 1850 Slave Schedules Clarke County (Source: Explore Ancestry for free) ($) 1850 Federal Census Clarke County, Alabama (Source: MyHeritage) ($) Alabama State Census, 1820-1866 Clarke County (Source: Explore Ancestry for free) ($) United States Census (Slave Schedule), 1850 Clarke County (Source: FamilySearch) United States Census, 1850 Clarke County (Source: FamilySearch) The largest numbers of slaves were held in bondage in counties located in either the Tennessee River Valley or the, Alabama gained statehood during a period when. The 13th Amendment to the Constitution, which abolished slavery, was ratified in 1865. Due to variable This is a category for those who held slaves in this county. It is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts. Thanks from all of us at CONTENT MAY BE COPYRIGHTED BY WIKITREE COMMUNITY MEMBERS. Linkpendium! 545,000 (17%); Texas, up 70,000 (38%); North Carolina, up 31,000 (8%); Florida, up 27,000 Following the end of the war during the Reconstruction era, freed slaves were technically allowed to leave the plantations they had been enslaved on, but they mostly were without land, jobs, or money. about 1 in 70 being a slaveholder. (As a side note, by 1960, 100 years later, the County 545,000 (17%); Texas, up 70,000 (38%); North Carolina, up 31,000 (8%); Florida, up 27,000 The last U.S. census slave schedules were After 148 years, Mississippi finally ratifies 13th Amendment, which banned slavery. genealogically-related site on the Internet. previous stamped number and a B being used to designate the pages without a stamped number. Most enslaved persons coming to Alabama did so through the domestic slave trade, meaning they traveled from other states into Alabama rather than coming from outside the United States. The 1860 U.S. Census Slave Schedules for Marengo County, Alabama (NARA microfilm series M653, Roll 31) reportedly includes a total of 24,409 slaves, which ranks as the second highest total in the State and the fifth highest in the U.S. in 1860. Following the patenting of the cotton gin (in 1793), the War of 1812, and the defeat and expulsion of the Creek Nation in the 1810s, European-American settlement in Alabama was intensified, as was the presence of slavery on newly established plantations in the territory. The rest of the slaves in the County were held by a total of 577 slaveholders, and those slaveholders have not been included here. The African American Heritage Preservation Foundation, Inc. (AAHPF) is dedicated to the preservation of endangered and little known African American historical sites and its history. All Rights Reserved. was obtained from the Historical United States Census Data Browser, which is a very detailed, Numbers, Facts and Trends Shaping Your World. Alabama was one of the first seven states to withdraw from the Union prior to the American Civil War . 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IMPORTANT PRIVACY NOTICE & DISCLAIMER: YOU HAVE A RESPONSIBILITY TO USE CAUTION WHEN DISTRIBUTING PRIVATE INFORMATION. Many of these settlers, who owned slaves before their move to Alabama, came in search of cheap, productive land on which to grow cotton. Thanks from all of us at colored population during that time, and were therefore more likely possible places of relocation Perhaps no other resource approaches the range of human experience found in AccessGenealogy.coms Slave Narratives. been counted in each County. African-Americans in the 1870 U.S. Federal Census, available through Heritage Quest at. Wealth was still concentrated in the hands of wealthy white plantation owners, who the newly freed black citizens were now completely reliant upon for survival. Slaves were punished by whipping, shackling, hanging, beating, burning, mutilation, branding, rape, and imprisonment. slaveholders. M., W. H. Hargrove for, 55 Slaves, Page 276B, WATKINS, R. J., Solon Hamlit? Linkpendium's goal is to index every genealogy, geneology, :) family history, When news of emancipation reached this group in 1865, the first thing they wanted to do was to go back home, Diouf says. You are the visitor to this page. Florida Agricultural And Mechanical University, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Massachusetts Institute Of Technology (Mit), Missouri University Of Science And Technology, State University Of New York Health Science Center At Brooklyn, Suny College Of Environmental Science And Forestry, The University Of North Carolina At Charlotte, The University Of Texas Health Science Center At Houston, The University Of Texas Health Science Center At San Antonio, The University Of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University Of Texas Medical Branch At Galveston, The University Of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Uniformed Services University Of The Health Sciences, University At Buffalo Suny School Of Engineering And Applied Sciences, University Of California, Los Angeles (Ucla), University Of Illinois At Urbana Champaign, University Of Maryland Baltimore County (Umbc), University Of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester, University Of Tennessee Health Science Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. The 1860 U.S. Census was the last U.S. census showing slaves and Slaves were most often beaten for working too slowly, stealing, running away, and disobeying owners or overseers. 73086 Washington DC 20056-3086 The African American Heritage Preservation Foundation, Inc. (AAHPF) is dedicated to the preservation of endangered and little known African American historical sites and its history. The 1860 U.S. Census Slave Schedules for Limestone County, Alabama (NARA What Are The Top Tier Sororities At Mississippi State? This page has been accessed 1,498 times. What county in Alabama had the most slaves? The capture and sale of enslaved Africans Most of the Africans who were enslaved were captured in battles or were kidnapped, though some were sold into slavery for debt or as punishment. Given this systematic erasure, the story of the Clotilda, the last slave ship to reach the U.S., occupies a profoundly unique place in the history of the transatlantic slave trade. or more, the largest size category enumerated in the census, and another 1,359 farms of 500-999 Learn more. The Macon County Alabama Slave Narratives were excerpted from "Shadow of the Plantation" by Charles S. Johnson. Punishment was often meted out in response to disobedience or perceived infractions, but sometimes abuse was performed to re-assert the dominance of the master (or overseer) over the slave. This transcription MIGRATION OF FORMER SLAVES: According to U.S. Census data, the 1860 Limestone enumerated by County in 1860 and included 393,975 named persons holding 3,950,546 unnamed PURPOSE. In 1861 Alabama seceded from the Union and joined the Confederate States of America, which established its first capital in Montgomery. Contract labor systems were put into place in southern states that forced freed blacks to work in jobs that they could not legally quit, left them permanently in debt, and which often involved violent physical punishment by white property owners. been reported with their full name, including surname. Most of the settlers came from the nearby states of North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia, attracted by the prospect of fertile land for cotton in the Tennessee Valley and Black Belt region. TERMINOLOGY. the Alabama colored population increased by 37,000, to 475,000, a 17% increase. BINFORD, H. A., Abel Childress for, 41 Slaves, Page 270, BRIDGFORTH, James W., 39 Slaves, Page 275, COLEMAN, D. This transcription includes 21 slaveholders who held 40 or more slaves in Clarke County, accounting for 1,473 slaves, or 29% of the County total. Plantation names were not shown on the census. Slaves were enumerated in 1860 without giving their names, only their sex and age One of the most notable was Fort Sinquefield. Those bonds, however, did not change the fact that a slave was considered property. When the Civil war began, the town of Huntsville had 1,980 white residents and almost an equal number of Black residents: 1,654 slaves and 85 free. microfilm series M653, Roll 31) reportedly includes a total of 8,085 slaves. [2][3], Originally part of the Mississippi Territory, the Alabama Territory was formed in 1817. Many black laborers refused to continue working the plantations, and chose to migrate to southern urban areas in large numbers.[13][15]. There were. publication of slaveholder names beginning with these largest holders will enable naming of the The slavery categories exist to help with tracking the genealogy and family history of pre-Civil War era slaves. This is a high-level category and should not have individual profiles added to it. Linkpendium's goal is to index every genealogy, geneology, :) family history, According to U.S. Census data, the 1860 Limestone Available online at Ancestry.com, FamilySearch.org, and HeritageQuest.com Census records are basic building blocks for everyones research. The county had numerous forts, built by settlers for protection during the Creek War (1813-1814). Between 1860 and 1870, As the Clotilda survivors made a new home for themselves in Alabama, they continued to hope theyd see their families again one day. supposed to be named on the 1860 slave schedule, but there were only 1,570 slaves of such age When you find a useful new resource, go to the right Linkpendium page and click out of 7,000 free persons, held 20-30% of the total number of slaves in the U.S. SOURCES. Clarke County Alabama History Clarke County was established on December 10, 1812 by the Mississippi Territory. County population included 7,215 whites, 6 free colored and 8,085 slaves. Linking names of plantations in this County with the names of the large holders on this list (6,400%). The schooner Clotilda smuggled African captives into the U.S. in 1860, more than 50 years after importing slaves was outlawed. Slavery Records Slavery News Obituary of NANCY, a slave (1859) HOME Genealogy Trails 2023 2023 Wealthy planters generally had multiple domestic servants, whose duties ranged from cooking and cleaning to driving carriages, serving meals, and nursing children. Paraphrasing Marcus Garvey, Battles reflects, If you dont know your history, youre just like a tree without no roots.. enumerated, out of a total of 3,950,546 slaves nationwide. Where did the freed slaves go who did not stay in this county? [10], Alabama had an estimated population of under 10,000 people in 1810, but it increased to more than 300,000 people by 1830. This page was last modified 11:39, 10 October 2021. This Most people in Madison County did not want to secede from the rest of the United States, however, a majority of Alabama counties voted to secede. What State Has Most Songs Written About It? population decreased about 10% to 7,253. Before presuming an African American was a Huntsville, Alabama served as temporary capital from 1819 to 1820, when the seat of government moved to Cahaba in Dallas County. population decreased about 10% to 7,253. After the Clotildas voyage to Africa, Meaher burned the ship in the Mobile-Tensaw River Delta to destroy the evidence of the illegal journey. ", Plantation complexes in the Southern United States, "Old Cahawba, Alabama's first state capital, 1820 to 1826", "Alabama's population: 1800 to the modern era", "The Birth of Jim Crow in Alabama 1865-1896", "Sharecropping and Tenant Farming in Alabama", Alabama Department of Archives and History, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_slavery_in_Alabama&oldid=1128842893, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 22 December 2022, at 07:22. Rebuffed by Meaher, the group resolved to work hard and save money in order to buy some land from him, which they did (Lewis noted dryly to Hurston that Meaher didnt even take off one five cent from de price for us.) With this and other land they purchased, they built a community called African Town. IMPORTANT PRIVACY NOTICE & DISCLAIMER: YOU HAVE A RESPONSIBILITY TO USE CAUTION WHEN DISTRIBUTING PRIVATE INFORMATION. total of 600 slaveholders, and those slaveholders have not been included here. An aerial photo taken Tuesday, January 2, 2018, in Mobile, Alabama, of what was thought to be the Clotilda, the last slave ship documented to have delivered captive Africans to the United States. 1860 slave census schedule from Monroe County, Alabama. such slaves named in this county. MOBILE, Ala. ( WALA) -19-year-old Xavier Dixon didn't say a word while being escorted to metro jail after a murder in broad daylight. Christopher Columbus likely transported the first Africans to the Americas in the late 1490s on his expeditions to the island of Hispaniola, now Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Thats something you have control over, Berry said. Such incidents were exceptional, however. But the timeline fits with what we know of the origins of the slave trade. Alabama was admitted as the 22nd state on December 14, 1819. Many owners and overseers physically beat slaves with instruments such as whips and cat o'nine tails. Meaher didnt provide them with passage back to Africa, and they soon realized that they wouldnt be able to earn the money for their passage themselves. number of slaves they held and the first census page on which they were listed. The process of (As a side note, by 1960, 100 years later, the County The 3,500 square foot display has nearly 195 historical objects dating back to more than 350 years ago from the wreck of an actual slave ship and authentic artifacts from various West African . Andrew Jackson Beard An Inventor (1849-1921) "Andrew Jackson Beard was born a slave on a plantation near Mt. The rest of the slaves in the County were held by a Parker's slaves "were. Required fields are marked *. Categories: Alabama, Slave Owners | Clarke County, Alabama, Slavery. When enslaved folks were sold or bequeathed through the enslavers family, they would, in most cases, only know their mothers last name. methods used by the census enumerators, interested researchers should view the source film The story of the Clotilda and the people who built Africatown. Though they later determined the vessel theyd found wasnt the Clotilda, the event sparked renewed interest in finding the ship. Slaves occasionally physically attacked their owners or overseers. The Clotilda made headlines in January 2018 when researchers announced they may have discovered its remains. Alabama's antebellum-era slave codes were replaced by a postbellum social and legal system of separating citizens on the basis of race that remained intact through the mid-twentieth century. (Credit: Jeffrey Greenberg/UIG via Getty Images), They decided that if you wont send us home, well build Africa here in Alabama, says Robert Battles, Sr., former executive director of the Historic Africatown Welcome Center. Census data on African Americans in the 1870 census was obtained using Heritage Quests CD Where did [8] Most Native American tribes were completely removed from the state within a few years of the passage of the Indian Removal Act by Congress in 1830. Slave Narratives Henry Ossian Flipper, The Colored Cadet at West Point, History of the Black Soldiers in the Spanish American War, Anti-Slavery Tracts No. The family was a fundamental survival mechanism that helped slaves cope with the horrors of their circumstances. Most people in Madison County did not want to secede from the rest of the United States, however, a majority of Alabama counties voted to secede. [11][12], By 1861 nearly 45% of the population of Alabama were slaves, and slave plantation agriculture was the center of the Alabama economy. This was the first time that slave infomation was captured as a separate schedule. Profiles are placed in this category with this text [[Category:Alabama, Slavery]] . Though an 1807 law banned the trans-Atlantic slave trade to the United States as of 1 January 1808, slaves could still be bought and sold (and transported) within the country. and Mobile counties in Alabama all saw increases in the colored population between 1860 and HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. Slave Narratives from the Federal Writer' Project, 1936-38, By the antebellum period, Alabama had evolved into a slave society, which is characterized by the proliferation and defense of the institution that shaped much of the state's economy, politics, and culture. 73086 Washington DC 20056-3086 Slavery had been theoretically abolished by President Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation which proclaimed, in 1863, that only slaves located in territories that were in rebellion from the United States were free. And when they were interviewed, their wish was for the interviewers to give their African names, their original names, so that if the story could ever go to Africa, their families would know that they were still alive.. (41%); Ohio, up 26,000 (70%); Indiana, up 25,000 (127%); and Kansas up from 265 to 17,000 [13][10] Cotton made up over half of US exports at the time, and southern plantations produced three-fourths of the global cotton supply.[14]. transcriber has chosen to use the term slaveholder rather than slave owner, so that questions Afro-American Historical and Genealogical Society When you find a useful new resource, go to the right Linkpendium page and click Autauga County Alabama Slave Owners Slaves deeded from George Anderson to son William Anderson - Jun 1831 Slaves sold by William Anderson to various - Feb 1836 Will [Aug 1840] and Appraisement of Estate of Nicholas Zeigler - Mar 1841 Barbour County Alabama Slave Owners Slave owned by J. R. Upshaw in the records of Liberty Baptist Church - Sep 1846 WIKITREE PROTECTS MOST SENSITIVE INFORMATION BUT ONLY TO THE EXTENT STATED IN THE TERMS OF SERVICE AND PRIVACY POLICY. genealogically-related site on the Internet. Some of these former slaves may have the time of the source, with African American being used otherwise. 2009. FORMAT. United States Census (Slave Schedule), 1850, 1930 United States Census on Internet Archive), National Archives Official 1940 Census Website, U. S. National Archives & Records Administration). The largest numbers of slaves were held in bondage in counties located in either the Tennessee River Valley or the Black Belt region. The majority of slaves in Alabama, however, labored on modest farms, and the typical Alabama slaveholder owned fewer than five slaves. Antonia Leonard is an education expert who has dedicated her life to helping students achieve their academic goals. 1860 slave census schedule from Monroe County, Alabama. "Indian Slavery in Colonial Georgia. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Theyd found wasnt the Clotilda made headlines in January 2018 when researchers announced they may the... By wikitree community MEMBERS: Clarke County was established on December 14, 1819 helping students achieve academic. The slaves are listed only by gender, age, and those slaveholders have not included! Last modified 11:39, 10 October 2021 were enumerated in 1860 without their! Not been included here U.S. Federal census, and the typical Alabama slaveholder owned fewer than five.... County had numerous forts, built by settlers for protection during the War... Infomation was captured as a separate schedule of about 30 Clotilda survivors to... Counties located in either the Tennessee River Valley or the Black Belt region who slaves. Slaves was outlawed, age, and the typical Alabama slaveholder owned fewer than five slaves first page... The typical Alabama slaveholder owned fewer than five slaves forts, built by settlers for protection during the Creek (... North America by those seeking to make connections between slaves slaves in clarke county, alabama holders slaveholders, and the time! Family name. timeline fits with What we know of the first seven States to from! Montgomery Lewis was one of the Pew Charitable Trusts American being used otherwise held and typical... Were listed gender, age, and color, not by name. Amendment! Not be addressed in this County joined the Confederate States of America, Slavery ] ] if... The rest of the slaves in Alabama, Slavery widely respected within the education community apart and! Document slaves and slave owners Quest at the time of the origins of the illegal journey 202-419-4300 | Main wreckage. Did the freed slaves go who did not change the fact that a slave was property. 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