how to cite gina guidelines

However, OCS are associated with substantial side effects, such as osteoporosis, obesity, diabetes, cataracts, hypertension, and adrenal suppression, and therefore should be considered last line.17. This article summarizes key recommendations from GINA 2021, and the evidence underpinning recent changes. Respir Med Res. To cite a quality standard or guideline in APA Style, provide the author, date, title, and source of the work. Your Bibliography: Markus, P., 2017. The format for drug information is the same as for a webpage. Medication options include inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), long-acting beta2 agonists, short-acting beta2 agonists (SABAs), leukotriene receptor antagonists, and oral corticosteroids. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2020-319391. Asthma control denotes the extent to which asthma features can be observed in the patient or have been reduced or eliminated by treatment.2 Asthma control should be reviewed over the previous 4 weeks. Laboratory or diagnostic manuals follow the format for books. eCollection 2022 Oct. Jiang Y, Deng S, Hu X, Luo L, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Li X, Feng J. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. May 3, 2022. Provide the title of the guideline in italic sentence case. ABSTRACT: Establishing asthma symptom control using pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions improves quality of life and prevents exacerbations in patients with asthma. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Clinicians should check inhaler adherence and treat any modifiable risk factors (Table 1) before considering a step up in treatment. Asthma severity is defined by the treatment required to control symptoms and exacerbations. [online] Available at: [Accessed 12 January 2017]. Here is a template for citing a standard: Template Reference list: Organization That Made the Standard. 2019 Sep 2;14:26. doi: 10.1186/s40248-019-0190-7. GINA recommends the continuation of medications, avoidance of nebulization and spirometry, and ensuring a written asthma action plan in COVID-19 times. In 2003, Gibaldi wrote that, Quotations are effective in research papers when used selectively (p. 109). Bunning BJ, Contrepois K, Lee-McMullen B, Dhondalay GKR, Zhang W, Tupa D, Raeber O, Desai M, Nadeau KC, Snyder MP, Andorf S. Aging Cell. Apply these formatting guidelines to the APA reference page: Double spacing (within and between references) Hanging indent of inch. 2016 - Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) In-text: (Pocket guide for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2016) Your Bibliography: 2016. (How can I prevent antibiotic-resistant infections? Reed CE. Hypertension in adults: Diagnosis and management (NICE Guideline NG136). Recent data show unfavorable outcomes for SABAs used alone for as-needed treatment of symptoms of mild asthma. The Global initiative against asthma (GINA) 2020 strategy has been released with some changes and updates. 100 Use the committee or agency that developed the guideline in the author element of the reference when no individual authors are credited. https://www.guidelinecentral.com/share/drug-information/61314-637#section-title. For example, a paraphrase of Gibaldis earlier quotation might be identified as follows: Within the research paper, quotations will have more impact when used judiciously (Gibaldi, 2003, p. 109). Book: Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association 6th ed. Symptoms can be assessed with tools such as the Asthma Control Questionnaire, the Asthma Control Test, and the Royal College of Physicians Three Questions.2 These questionnaires enable a score to be associated with symptoms and ask patients about the frequency and types of symptoms such as nighttime awakenings and limitations in daily activities. Effect of azithromycin on asthma exacerbations and quality of life in adults with persistent uncontrolled asthma (AMAZES): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. E.g. Clinicians need to be aware of the changes and the evidence behind them. https://www.cdc.gov/infectioncontrol/guidelines/cauti/index.html, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Ridgefield, CT: Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc; February 2018.15. In the event that biologics are not an option for a patient, an OCS at a dosage of 7.5 mg or less per day prednisone equivalent may be considered. Bateman and colleagues researched the effectiveness of an inhaled glucocorticoid component with a fast-acting reliever for mild asthma.5 This 52-week, double-blind, multicenter trial included 4,215 patients with mild asthma aged 12 years and older who were eligible for treatment with regular inhaled glucocorticoids. The methodologies of each publication are 2017. WHO | WHO's cancer pain ladder for adults. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Cappuccio A, Napolitano S, Menzella F, Pellegrini G, Policreti A, Pelaia G, Porpiglia PA, Marini MG; SOUND GROUP. Yes, Guideline developed by participants without relevant financial ties to industry? Elsevier. Yes However, in the first text citation, indicate the version of the classic work you used. The ICS-formoterol combination inhaler is the preferred as-needed reliever therapy regardless of asthma severity. Guidelines should identify key decisions and their consequences and should review the consequences of alternative decisions. 2007 Feb;62(2):102-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2006.01305.x. In patients taking controller treatment, it may be necessary to step down the dose to confirm an asthma diagnosis. [Do not include Fong (1987) in your References; do include Bertram (1996).]. The site is secure. Bronchial Asthma Symptoms, Causes, Treatment and Natural Remedies - Stay Healthy. To cite an entry in a mobile app reference work, follow the format for an edited book chapter. Breathing in science to eliminate TB. ICS-formoterol inhalers are safe and efficacious, and their ability to be used both as needed and for maintenance therapy makes them easy for patients to use.2. Bateman ED, Reddel HK, OByrne PM, et al. GINA 2020 specifies which step of management is to be followed according to the patient's symptoms in an easy flowchart. Inhaled combined budesonide-formoterol as needed in mild asthma. In-text: (Co-trimoxazole Monograph for Professionals - Drugs.com, 2017). The first edition was opinion-based but updates were evidence-based. 2012 May;39(5):1220-9. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00184511. I have lost in every facet of my life: the hidden burden of severe asthma. This series is coordinated by Michael J. Arnold, MD, contributing editor. Asthma in the elderly: diagnosis and management. [online] Available at: [Accessed 2 December 2016]. Guideline changes include the use of a low-dose ICS with formoterol for as-needed treatment in adults with mild asthma, or for use whenever a SABA would be used. (Scientists Say, 2000). Wilmington, DE: AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; January 2017.7. It is often found on the first page of an article. Bronchial provocation testing is useful for ruling out asthma but less useful for making the diagnosis, and it should be limited to diagnosing asthma in athletes or in patients with symptoms despite normal spirometry findings or when spirometry is unavailable. This outcome was measured via data obtained from an electronic symptom diary. These additional treatments include high-dose ICS/LABA, tiotropium (Spiriva), azithromycin (Zithromax), anti-immunoglobulin E, anti-interleukin-5/5R, anti-interleukin-4R alpha, sputum-guided treatment, bronchial thermoplasty, and low-dose oral corticosteroids. As Myers (2000, para. Dupilumab efficacy and safety in adults with uncontrolled persistent asthma despite use of medium-to-high-dose inhaled corticosteroids plus a long-acting beta2 agonist: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled pivotal phase 2b dose-ranging trial. 2018;378(20):1865-1876.5. GINA 2020 specifies which step of management is to be followed according to the patient . OByrne PM, FitzGerald JM, Bateman ED, et al. Epub 2012 Jan 26. https://www.aafp.org/afp/2019/0901/p290.html, https://www.aafp.org/afp/2020/0301/p310.html, https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/GINA-2019-main-report-June-2019-wms.pdf, Chronic rhinosinusitis, food allergy, gastroesophageal reflux disease, obesity, pregnancy, Psychological difficulties, socioeconomic issues, Air pollution, allergen exposure, smoking, History of intubation or intensive care, severe exacerbation in past year, Blood eosinophils, elevated exhaled nitric oxide, high bronchodilator reversibility, low forced expiratory volume in one second (< 60% of predicted). Careers. GINA also recommends using the lowest dose of ICS tolerated, including reducing the corticosteroid dose after symptoms are controlled. Accessed April 8, 2020.3. This study and the OByrne study support the current 2019 GINA recommendation against the use of a SABA alone and for the use of ICS-formoterol instead. Whats-new-in-GINA-2020. Moderate: Asthma is well controlled with step 3 treatment. COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel. When the References entry includes a URL that must be divided between two lines, break itBEFORE a slash or dash or at another logical division point. 2018;378(26):2486-2496.20. Preferred options for adults and adolescents include a low-dose ICS/formoterol as both daily and as-needed treatment or a medium-dose ICS/LABA as daily maintenance treatment with a SABA as needed. Guidelines for the management and prevention of asthma were published in 2019 by the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Multidisciplinary Viewpoints on NTM-LD Diagnosis and Management, Reducing Inappropriate Antibiotic Prescribing for Acute Respiratory Tract Infections, Antibiotic Use Linked to Reduced Effectiveness for Common NSCLC Therapy, Undertreatment Based on Guidelines Decreased COPD Exacerbations. A person viewing it online may make one printout of the material and may use that printout only for his or her personal, non-commercial reference. government site. 2017. Dupilumab efficacy and safety in moderate-to-severe uncontrolled asthma. General Guidelines for Writing a Paper: APA Style All sources of information and data, whether quoted directly or paraphrased, are cited with parenthetical references in the text of your paper . If you are citing an updated guideline, use the year of the update in the reference. There are a multitude of reasons that a patient may not be adherent to asthma medication, including difficulty using inhaler devices, medication cost, forgetfulness, failure to understand the prescribed directions, and perception that the medication is not necessary.2, Goals of therapy for asthma include achieving control of symptoms to maintain normal activity levels, preventing persistent airflow limitation, and reducing adverse effects of the medications discussed in TABLE 1. Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. If you continue with this browser, you may see unexpected results. The site is secure. Yadav, R., Yadav, H. and Leong, T., 2014. 2020 Nov 20;10(1):123-124. doi: 10.1097/APO.0000000000000350. - RxList. Copyright 2023 American Academy of Family Physicians. 2017. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Spiriva Respimat (tiotropium) package insert. Guidelines Working Groups of the NIH Office of AIDS Research Advisory Council. Evidence-based medicine is the new paradigm but the results and reaction to the recent meta-analysis on house-dust mite control measures highlights the need for care when incorporating such information into guidelines. Even if you put information in your own words by summarizing or paraphrasing, you must cite the original author or researcher and the date of publication. 2017 Nov-Dec;7(6):531-541. Reference list entries are not required when you cite ancient Greek and Roman works or classical religious works. 2020 Jan;19(1):e13073. Clinicians need to be aware of the changes and the evidence behind them. Treatment of hypertension in peripheral arterial disease. (2019). Reproduction in whole or in part without permission is prohibited. Provide the name of the database (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) in italic title case in the reference, but if you write the name of the database elsewhere in the paper, do not italicize it. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Acute asthma management considerations in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Provide the title of the app in italic sentence case. An exacerbation is an acute episode in which symptoms worsen drastically and lung function progressively declines. Asthma. However, the article PDFs show the year as the volume number, an issue number, and an article number. In general, you will cite NCCN guidelines the same as you would cite a web page. South San Francisco, CA: Genentech, Inc; May 2019.17. It is fine to omit the volume, issue, and article number from the Cochrane review reference if the information is missing from your version of the article, but if you do see this information, include it just as you would for any. Provide the publisher of the app or the name of the app store (e.g., App Store, Google Play Store). 3) to use an asthma reliever for symptoms more than twice per week? The term asthma exacerbation refers to the acute worsening of lung function and symptoms beyond what the patient usually experiences. 2020 Jan 3;10:1. doi: 10.1186/s13601-019-0303-6. Emily L. Fedor, BS Pharmacy Studies, PharmD Candidate 2021Western New England University College of Pharmacy & Health SciencesMaryCatherine E. Heighton, BS Pharmacy Studies, PharmD Candidate 2021Western New England University College of Pharmacy & Health SciencesVictoria L. Freniere, BS Pharmacy Studies, PharmD Candidate 2021Western New England University College of Pharmacy & Health SciencesJared Ostroff, PharmD, BCACP, BCGPAmbulatory Pharmacy Anticoagulation CoordinatorBaystate HealthMarissa Ostroff, PharmD, BCPS, BCGPClinical Associate ProfessorWestern New England University College of Pharmacy & Health SciencesSpringfield, Massachusetts. 2016;388(10039):31-44. Guidelines are an increasingly familiar part of clinical practice and may have potential benefits and harms. Bousquet J, Clark TJ, Hurd S, Khaltaev N, Lenfant C, O'byrne P, Sheffer A. The Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library Terbutaline was associated with the highest annual rate of severe exacerbations (0.20) compared with budesonide-formoterol (0.07) and budesonide maintenance (0.09). The Global Initiative on Asthma (GINA) was launched in 1995 as a collaborative effort between the NHLBI and the World Health Organization (WHO). Double-space your entire paper, including the References list and any block quotes . This website works best with modern browsers such as the latest versions of Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge. Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI). Provide the name of the website from which the drug information was obtained in the source element of the reference. Enhanced oxidative stress in smoking and ex-smoking severe asthma in the U-BIOPRED cohort. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Drugs Today (Barc). elaws Health Benefits Advisor. These patients are considered to have severe or difficult-to-treat asthma and should be referred to a pulmonologist. Features that decrease the likelihood of asthma include cough in the absence of other respiratory symptoms, chronic production of sputum, shortness of breath associated with light-headedness or paresthesia, chest pain, and exercise-induced dyspnea with noisy inspiration. The revised 2014 GINA strategy report: opportunities for change. Twitter Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! [London]: NICE; 2009 [updated 2018 Apr . If the authors name is unavailable, use the first few words of the title of the article, book or Web source, including the appropriate capitalization and italics formatting. [online] Available at: [Accessed 7 January 2017]. It looks like you're using Internet Explorer 11 or older. Spiriva HandiHaler (tiotropium) package insert. Curr Opin Pulm Med. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In-text: (Vitamin C Deficiency & Anemia, 2017). Accessed Date. Global Initiative for Asthma. No If the References list includes 2 or more entries by the same author(s), list them in chronological order with the earliest first. Vitamin C Deficiency & Anemia. Each entry should be formatted with a hanging indent. Symptom triggers may include exercise, viral respiratory infections, and environmental factors, such as smoking. For Workers and Families. If you must add or slightly change words within a quotation for reasons of grammar or clarity, indicate the change with square brackets. Editors Note: Two changes in these guidelines are based on studies cited in the AFP article Top POEMs of 2018 Consistent with the Principles of the Choosing Wisely Campaign (https://www.aafp.org/afp/2019/0901/p290.html). Multidiscip Respir Med. For example, a full reference will look like: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) (2017)Air pollution: outdoor air quality and health. In titles and subtitles of articles, chapters, and books, capitalize only the first letter of the first word and any proper nouns, except in parenthetical (in text) citations. [Latin-American Consensus on Difficult-to-Control Asthma. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med. Preferred step 2 controller options in adults and adolescents include a daily low-dose ICS plus a SABA as needed or low-dose ICS/formoterol as needed. However, if the source indicates paragraph numbers, use the abbreviation para and the relevant number in the parentheses. Eur Respir J. Boulet LP, FitzGerald JM, Levy ML, Cruz AA, Pedersen S, Haahtela T, Bateman ED. Follow the principle of citing what you see. Santino TA, Chaves GS, Freitas DA, et al. 5) aptly phrased it. The Global initiative against asthma (GINA) 2020 strategy has been released with some changes and updates. You may want to check outThe Owl at Purdue for more tips on paraphrasing. FAQs on the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act. Copyright 2020 by the American Academy of Family Physicians. Pocket guide for Asthma Management and Prevention. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Accessibility Fit quotations within your sentences, enclosed in quotation marks, making sure the sentences are grammatically correct.

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