, Further custody rate figures can be found here: Criminal justice system statistics quarterly: December 2020 - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk), The overall increase in ACSL may be due to a change in sentencing guidelines. This section focuses on the following high-volume indictable drug offences: Concordance rates for all PSR figures can be found in the defendants tables (5.14b)[footnote 41]. , Source: GCSE and equivalent results in England 2014/15 (Revised), A young person may be eligible to claim for FSM if they or their family meet certain criteria related to their income and benefits received. That compares to a 1 in 323.9 chance statewide. In comparison, the proportion of adults from ethnic minority groups sentenced to custody has remained stable at 20% between 2016 and 2020. In Gilroy's view, ethnic minority crime can be seen as a form of political resistance against a racist society, and this resistance . In 2020, White offenders had an ACSL of 19.6 months in comparison with 26.8 for Black offenders, 28.6 for Asian offenders, and 24.4 for offenders of Mixed and Chinese or Other ethnic groups. The following offence groups will be of particular focus: As noted in the introduction, comparisons across ethnic groups do not account for previous offending history, detailed offence mix and other offender characteristics and that should be considered when interpreting results in this section. In general, minority ethnic groups appear to be over-represented at many stages throughout the CJS compared with the White ethnic group. It offers insights into the experience of victims which other sources of data, such as police records, may not capture[footnote 9]. This chapter looks at the interaction between ethnicity, sex, age, offending history, and reoffending throughout the Criminal Justice System[footnote 62]. In 2020, 79% of crime higher legal aid workload was for White clients, with 10% for Black, 8% for Asian, and 3% for Mixed clients. People from a Black, Asian, 'Mixed' or 'Chinese and other' background were over-represented as defendants in the criminal justice system in 2019, according to Ministry of Justice (MoJ) data. Previously, these officers have been counted under the Chinese or Other ethnic group. , In 2018/19 Lancashire, Warwickshire and West Mercia stated that new IT systems and/or processes had led to changes in recording of detentions under section 136 of the Mental Health Act. Over the last 5 years, the proportion of arrests in London and across England and Wales have remained relatively stable by ethnic group. Of these, 79% were White, 12% Black, 4% Asian, 4% Mixed ethnicity, and 1% Chinese or Other ethnicities. In 2020, 76% of crime lower legal aid workload was for White clients, with 7% for Black, 7% for Asian, 7% for Other and 3% for clients from Mixed ethnic groups. The HMPPS Offender Equalities report 2020/21 also includes information on: Mother and Baby units, Sexual Orientation in the Prison Population, Transgender Prisoners, Accredited Programmes, Incentives and Earned Privileges and Electronic Monitoring. Large figures are generally presented rounded to the nearest thousand, and percentages to the nearest percentage point in the text. Women and the Criminal Justice System and Race and the Criminal Justice System; The Women and Race reports are compendium publications, each bringing together a wide range of statistics related to the criminal justice system, broken down by sex and by ethnicity. Tue 30 Jun 2020 19.01 EDT Last modified on Wed 1 Jul 2020 12.15 EDT. 178 300 sexual violence crimes in the EU in 2020, a stop in a growing trend. ACSL decreased the most for Asian offenders (decreasing 41%) and Black offenders (decreasing 23%) over the last 5 years. The proportion of stop and searches conducted on White suspects decreased from 75% in 2014/15 to 59% in 2018/19 and increased for all minority ethnic groups. There were a total of 426 homicides in London, where ethnicity of the victim was recorded, in the three-year period (2017/18 to 2019/20). Figure 8.05: Sentencing outcomes for all drug offences, 2020, England and Wales. Personal crime [footnote 11] against adults. Figure 7.04: Average custodial sentence length (ACSL) for indictable offences, by age and ethnicity, England and Wales, 2016/20. For this reason, comparisons over time for the Asian and Other ethnic group should be made with caution. A small proportional decrease of White offenders was observed, with a decrease of 2 percentage points since 2016. Much of this information has previously been published in the Offender Management statistics quarterly publication, where statistics on adjudications, Home Detention Curfew, Release on Temporary Licence and Licence Recalls can also be found. In 2007, following the fatal shooting of three non-White teenage boys in south London, Prime . In 2020/21, 77% of stop and searches conducted on individuals from the Asian ethnic group were for drugs, compared to 67 to 68% of all other ethnic groups. This proportion varied between 10% and 17% for all other ethnic groups in 2020/21. , Equivalently, a Key Stage 4 academic year of 2013/14 and 2014/15; analysis of the attainment data focuses on those sentenced/cautioned that were at the end of KS4 in the 2013/14 and 2014/15 academic years. In 2020, a higher proportion of prosecutions of Black and Mixed defendants were against children, 12% and 14% respectively, compared to 5% of White defendants[footnote 63]. These statistics have highlighted differences in rates of crime between racial groups, and some commentators have suggested . The proportion of staff from White backgrounds has decreased between 1 and 2.4 pp across all CJS organisations over the last 5 years, largely driven by increases in the proportion of staff from Asian and Mixed ethnic backgrounds. National Statistics status means that official statistics meet the highest standards of trustworthiness, quality and public value. The largest proportion of crime higher workload is for offences which can be tried either before the magistrates court or the Crown Court, at 50% overall where ethnicity is known in 2020 and ranged between 46% and 52% when broken down by ethnic group. Over the past five years, concordance rates[footnote 40] for immediate custodial sentences across all ethnic groups (excluding Missing/Not Stated) increased from 73% in 2016 to 90% in 2018, followed by a small decrease to 87% in 2020. , See technical guide for information relating to parole board. , A SEN statement is a document which sets out a childs SEN and any additional help that the child should receive. Data sources to which this applies include Crime Survey for England and Wales. High levels of missing ethnicity data would be of concern, both in terms of sample sizes and the risk of systematic bias. In the latest year, suspicion of drugs and offensive weapons were the two most common reasons for stops across all ethnic groups. Figure 5.06: Relative Rate Index (RRI): The custodial sentencing rate for defendants expressed as a proportion of the of the overall sentencing rate for all defendants sentenced for indictable offences, 2016 to 2020, England and Wales. Time period: 2013/14 to 2015/16 (3 years combined) Source: 1. In this section, where there are statistically significant differences between groups to the 95% level, this will be stated. Of the 63,100 offenders supervised on post release licence in 2020[footnote 61], the proportions across ethnic groups remained in line with that of the previous 5 years, 76% were White, 11% Black, 7% Asian, 4% Mixed and 2% Chinese or Other ethnicities. The statistics reported in this bulletin are primarily National Statistics[footnote 7], as drawn from either other published National Statistics bulletins or the data underpinning them. Victims were able to identify the race or ethnicity of their assailants in 86% of violent crimes. This publication compiles statistics from data sources across the Criminal Justice System (CJS), to provide a combined perspective on the typical experiences of different ethnic groups, how outcomes vary between groups and how this has changed over time. The latest trends are mostly reflective of the impact of the pandemic on court processes and prioritisation rather than a continuation of the longer-term series. Last modified on Fri 19 Nov 2021 00.29 EST. In 2020, of the defendants prosecuted, 76% were White, 12% were Black, 7% were Asian, 4% were of Mixed ethnicity groups, and 2% were Chinese or Other ethnic groups. Higher proportions of staff and practitioners in more senior roles were White for all organisations, when compared to the ethnic breakdowns of less senior staff[footnote 100]. The lowest proportion of male homicides was in the White ethnic group (65%). , See Appendix I for further details of how detailed ethnicity categorisations are aggregated. Since 2019, Black and Asian defendants have been less likely to receive a custodial sentence relative to White defendants. Similarly, just over half (53%) of adults arrested in London were from minority ethnic groups, compared to 15% of adults arrested in the rest of England and Wales. Thank you for your request. Simon Hallsworth and Tara Young (2008) were sceptical, dismissing . Government data about the UK's different ethnic groups. The most common sentencing outcome across all ethnic groups for sexual offences was immediate custody. A technical document titled A Guide to Statistics on Ethnicity and the Criminal Justice System is available alongside this report, which provides users with information on the concepts and terminology used within the report, as well as information about data sources, data quality and references. This is the largest decrease in the proportion of White practitioners of all the CJS organisations. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: psi@nationalarchives.gov.uk. You have a 1 in 60.4 chance of being the victim of a violent crime in Cleveland each year. Of offenders receiving either type of order, 84% were White, 6% Black, 5% Asian, 3% Mixed ethnic groups and 1% Chinese or Other ethnic groups. The Black ethnic group had the highest proportion of defendants remanded in custody, at 52%, whereas the White ethnic group had the lowest, at 36%. Unfortunately, we do not hold data on offences . Similarly, Asian males accounted for a higher proportion of all male prosecutions and convictions at 7%, compared to Asian females, accounting for 2%, of all female prosecutions. Five-year trends have been presented wherever possible. A sharp instrument was the most frequent apparent method of killing across most ethnic groups, accounting for 40% of all homicides in the period between 2017/18 and 2019/20. 102 Petty France. In 2020, 32% of children in prison were Black despite Black prisoners accounting for only 13% of the entire prison population. More detailed information on the reforms can be found at the following: SEND code of practice: 0 to 25 years. In contrast, across all years (except 2017), Black prisoners have consistently served a higher proportion of their determinate sentence, at 67% in 2020. The 2001 Census ethnicity question included Mixed ethnicity; this made the question more acceptable and relevant, though one downside was that it made it hard to compare with 1991 Census results, for some groups. To help us improve GOV.UK, wed like to know more about your visit today. In acknowledgement of the subjective, multifaceted and changing nature of ethnic identification, we use self-identified ethnicity where this data is available[footnote 5]. This was followed by defendants from the Chinese or Other ethnic groups (16%), Asian defendants (14%), Mixed defendants (12%) and White defendants (12%). These proportions were similar to those of the ethnic breakdown of the prison population. Criminal legal aid can be split into two categories, crime higher and crime lower[footnote 48]. , Excluding adults where their age bracket is unknown (2 defendants). Figure 7.05: Proven reoffending rate by ethnicity for adults, annual averages (2014/15 to 2018/19), England and Wales. Due to the small population of children from Asian, Mixed and Chinese or Other ethnic groups they are subject to greater variance across the years and have therefore been omitted from this comparison. Where a source is not National Statistics, users should consider this when making judgements about the weight that can be put on related findings. Of children, 4 to 6% were reported as being victims in Black, Mixed and Chinese or Other ethnic groups. Convictions across indictable offence groups varied between ethnic groups in 2020, with drug offences accounting for the highest proportion of offenders within each ethnic group except for White offenders, where the highest proportion of convictions was for theft offences. The arrest rate in England and Wales for white people was nine arrests per 1,000 people in the reporting year 2021/22 while black people . So 61% of the population is committing 58% of the violent crimes, so the math lines up. , Concordance rates are calculated by dividing the number of those who were recommended to receive a sentence disposal and did receive it, by all those who were recommended to receive it. It will take only 2 minutes to fill in. In the rest of England and Wales, stop and search arrests accounted for 8% of total arrests, increasing from 4% in 2016/17. The proportion of total arrests for which theft offences account has been decreasing over this period (20 to 13%) with a corresponding increase in the proportion accounted for by drug offences (9 to 12%). Ministry of Justice: Between 2016 and 2020, there has been an increase of 1.3 percentage points (pp) in the proportion of staff from the Asian ethnic group and a decrease of 1.6 pp in the proportion of staff from the White ethnic group[footnote 91]. Data on prosecutions and convictions by ethnicity is collected by the Home Office and published by the Ministry of Justice. In 2020, 59% of Asian child offenders had no previous offender history, compared to 50% for White, 47% for Black and 57% for Chinese or Other children. By ethnicity and socio-economic group. , The Rehabilitation Activity Requirement was introduced in 2014 under the Offender Rehabilitation Act and requires the offender to attend appointments and participate in activities selected by their responsible officer to support their rehabilitation and reduce reoffending. In 2020/21, 19% of arrests of Black suspects were for drug offences. Almost half (49%) of homicide victims aged 15-17 and 37% of those aged 18-20 were from the Black ethnic group. theories are . In this chapter, those conducted under section 1 of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (PACE) and section 60 of the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 have been combined[footnote 22]. Around 34% of all Black homicide victims were aged between 15 and 20. The proportion of White children remanded at Crown Court has been increasing over the last 5 years from 26% in 2016 to 45% in 2020, converging with the proportion of children remanded in custody from minority ethnic groups. Figure 5.08: Relative Rate Index (RRI): Defendants who entered a guilty plea per all that entered a plea at Crown Court, 2016 2020, England and Wales. The latest figures on Police Stop and Search show that black people are now nine times more likely than white people to be stopped and searched by the police.. In contrast, fewer Black (15%), Mixed (18%) and Asian (20%) prisoners reported bullying/victimisation from other prisoners, compared to prisoners from White (23%) and Other ethnic groups (24%). This is an increase of 5 pp since 2019; a difference likely due to the prioritisation of non-jury trials as a result of COVID-19 restrictions . When offence mix was controlled for, a decrease in ACSL was seen for all ethnic groups, closer to that of the White ethnic group. As observed in Chapter 5, White prisoners have consistently received the shortest ACSL in comparison to other ethnic groups. , This figure includes 96 victims of Hillsborough and four victims of the Westminster Bridge attack in the year ending 2017, and 31 victims of the terrorist attacks that involved multiple victims, including the Manchester Arena bombing, and the London Bridge attack recorded in the year ending 2018. In 2020, 70% of defendants were from the White ethnic group, 17% Black ethnic group, 7% Asian ethnic group, 5% Mixed and 2% Chinese or Other. , New methodology introduced in the 2015/16 cohort, used to measure proven reoffending, reduced twelve-monthly cohort to a three-monthly cohort and changed data source following probation services reforms. Children from minority ethnic groups accounted for two thirds (66%) of arrests of children made in London in in 2020/21. In previous years homicide data has been presented in relation to population data, by giving the number of deaths per million of the population of each ethnic group. This number does not include offences such as speeding. Guilty plea rate (GPR) has increased across all ethnic groups across the past 5 years, showing a sharp rise since 2018. For example, the proportion of Black and Asian young offenders sentenced to 12 months custody or less, achieving any pass at GCSE, was 64% and 71% respectively, significantly higher than the proportion of White young offenders, at 53%. This article presents research into a method for producing population estimates by ethnic group and by religion, combining Annual Population Survey (APS) and census data. Drug offences vary both in nature and severity. News stories, speeches, letters and notices, Reports, analysis and official statistics, Data, Freedom of Information releases and corporate reports. In 2020, sexual offences accounted for 4% of all prosecutions for indictable offences; this has remained broadly stable across the last 5 years. In 2020, White defendants had the highest guilty plea rate for sexual offences, at 95%. 11/1/2011 10/1/2011 11/1/2010. Ethnicity 9 2.2 Arrests 9 2.3 Transferred or cancelled records 12 Outcomes 12 2.4 Trends over time 13 2.5 Police Force Areas (PFA) 15 2.6 London 17 Will McMahon and Rebecca Robert The Asian ethnic group had a higher proportion of homicides where the principal suspect was a family member (17%) or partner/ex-partner (22%), compared to all other ethnic groups. These include: Survey data from Her Majestys Inspectorate of Prisons Annual Report, (New) Understanding Educational Background of Offenders (MoJ/ DfE data share). Search. 1 Because of rounding, the percentages may not add to 100.0.; 2 The ethnicity totals are representative of those agencies that provided ethnicity breakdowns. Figure 7.10: Proportion of young offenders who finished Key Stage 4 in either 2013/14 or 2014/15 with Special Educational Needs, by ethnicity, in England (Source: Table 7.3 and Table CH2c)[footnote 77]. The most frequent method of killing in homicides with Asian victims was Strangulation (38%), closely followed by sharp instrument (35%). The defendant can be directed to appear in court or remanded on bail or in custody. Individuals from the Black ethnic group were proportionally less likely to be sentenced to immediate custody in 2020. % for all drug offences how detailed ethnicity categorisations are aggregated highlighted differences in rates of between. 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