The current system of the Government of Sierra Leone is based on the 1991 Sierra Leone Constitution. [citation needed]. UNITED NATIONS INTEGRATED PEACEBUILDING OFFICE IN SIERRA LEONE. Male. The Fula are primarily traders, and many live in middle-class homes. The British were the catalyst for the ceasefire that ended the civil war. On 29 March 1970, Brigadier Bangura was executed by hanging in Freetown. Sierra Leone as a country lies between latitude and longitude 12.2 degrees west and 8.5 degrees north respectively. The district has the highest percentage, a total of 10.2%, making it the most populated in the country. The first of the 6,000-member force began arriving in December, and the UN Security Council voted in February 2000 to increase the force to 11,000, and later to 13,000. The coup plot led to the execution of seventeen soldiers by firing squad. SAJ Musa, a childhood friend of Strasser, became the deputy chairman and deputy leader of the NPRC government. The demonstration was quickly put down by the army and Stevens' own personal Special Security Division (SSD), a heavily armed paramilitary force he had created to protect him and maintain his hold on power. [210] Males also showed to be more vulnerable to depression after losing a caregiver. Most of the proposals came from leaders of the Protectorate, whose population far outnumbered that in the colony. Different sources give different estimates. Charles Taylor then leader of the National Patriotic Front of Liberia reportedly helped form the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) under the command of former Sierra Leonean army corporal Foday Saybana Sankoh, an ethnic Temne from Tonkolili District in Northern Sierra Leone. The population of all Sierra Leonean cities and urban localities with more than 7.000 inhabitants according to census results. In August 2017, one new province (Northwestern), two new districts (Falaba and Karene) and. [159] It is located near the Seli River and Freetown and was estimated to produce about 50 megawatts of electricity. The hostage crisis resulted in more fighting between the RUF and the government as UN troops launched Operation Khukri to end the siege. The Mandinka are predominantly found in the east and the northern part of the country. In 1977, a nationwide student demonstration against the government disrupted Sierra Leone politics. It is the fifth-largest city in Sierra Leone, and the Tenme people make up the largest ethnic group in the city. Authorities have been slow to implement reforms in the civil service, and the pace of the privatisation programme is also slackening and donors have urged its advancement. The much smaller Vai and Kru peoples are primarily found in Kailahun and Pujehun Districts near the border with Liberia. [226], In the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) conducted by UNICEF in 2012, the prevalence of female genital mutilation in Sierra Leone was 94%. In addition, many continued to practise Methodism in Freetown. They founded Birchtown, but faced harsh northern winters and racial discrimination from nearby Shelburne. The national capital Freetown sits on a coastal peninsula, situated next to the Sierra Leone Harbour. Prior to the arrival of Pedro da Cintra in 1462, Sierra Leones history can be briefly ascribed to its composition of few ethnic groups, prominent amongst these were Limba who already lived in Sierra Leone around the 8th Century and there is no clear evidence about their origin. The armed forces were formed after independence in 1961, based on elements of the former British Royal West African Frontier Force present in the country. The overwhelming majority of Sierra Leonean Muslims, are adherent to the Sunni tradition of Islam in practice. [159] Amongst all these projects, both finished and potential, the Bumbuna dam still remains the largest of the hydroelectric projects in Sierra Leone. The national capital Freetown, which makes up the Western Area Urban District, and the other is the Western Area Rural with a main town known as Waterloo, is governed by a directly elected city council headed by a mayor. Some of these policies by the SLPP and the NRC were said to have left the country in an economically deprived state.[20]. The president is elected by popular vote to a maximum of two five-year terms. Ajisafe's church was temporarily shut down by the Sierra Leone government and his church licence was temporarily suspended too. The discussions eventually concluded with key stakeholders, including Bio's administration and the UN, agreeing that while efforts in finding a peaceful solution to ending the war should continue, a general election should be held as soon as possible. Slave owner Edward Long criticized marriage between black men and white women. There are organised youth and adult football tournaments across the country, and there are various primary and secondary schools with football teams across Sierra Leone. When Sierra Leone gained independence in 1961, the Royal Sierra Leone Military Force was created from the Sierra Leone Battalion of the West African Frontier Force. By 1495 they had built a fortified trading post on the coast. In early August 2014 Sierra Leone cancelled league football (soccer) matches because of the Ebola epidemic. The amount of illegal fishing has significantly depleted fish stocks, depriving local fishing communities of an important resource for survival. The Tacugama Chimpanzee Sanctuary, which is located within the peninsula's vast rainforest reserve, just a few kilometres from the centre of Freetown, has a collection of rare and endangered chimpanzees. Area figures are derived from geospatial data. Bai Sherbro was a chief and warrior on Bonthe Island, in the southwestern part of the country. [123], The president of Sierra Leone is the Commander in Chief of the military, with the Minister of Defence responsible for defence policy and the formulation of the armed forces. [201] Many Christian organisations in Sierra Leone, including the Council of Churches condemned Ajisafe's sermon against Islam and Muslims. The Hidden Discrimination Against American Roma, The 10 Largest Football Stadiums in the World (Soccer). Some claim that Magburaka should be included in the above list, but there is considerable difference among sources. By 2004, the disarmament process was complete. Population HUB - this is an accessible statistics of the population of the country, city and any other region. [34], Soon after Sintra's expedition, Portuguese traders started arriving at the harbour. Its now home to a diverse group of inhabitants and is also where the Bai Bureh Warriors hail from, one of Sierra Leones oldest and most famous football clubs. Sierra Leone is a major producer of gem-quality diamonds. The NPRC Junta maintained relations with ECOWAS and strengthened support for Sierra Leone-based ECOMOG troops fighting in the Liberian war. Turay, a key loyalist of ousted president Momoh. Between 1991 and 2001, about 50,000 people were killed in Sierra Leone's civil war. We operate Wellbody Clinic; support Koidu Government Hospital (KGH), Kono's only hospital; and are supporting smaller public primary . What Languages Are Spoken In Sierra Leone? [248][249][250][251][252][253] Some subjects are seen as taboo by society and members of the political elite; imprisonment and violence have been used by the political establishment against journalists. It is by far the most populous district in the country with a population of 1,050,301 and is located in the Western Area of the country. The Krios are virtually all Christians at about 99%. [220] Only 20% of the urban population and 1% of the rural population had access to piped drinking water in their home. 267,266. Koidu Town is home to two of the ten most rough and largest diamonds in the world and was found in the Woyie River which flows through the city. Sierra Leone has a vibrant Ahmaddiya Muslim population, especially in the southern city of Bo, which is home to a large Ahmadiyya Muslim population. Bo is closely behind Kenema with 10.0%, whilst Western Rural, Kono and Western Area Urban with 8.8%, 8.2%, and 8.1% are third, fourth and fifth respectively. [103][165], Population density varies greatly within Sierra Leone. Western Area Rural: Waterloo - Hastings Urban Area: pop. The largest city is Freetown with a population of 836 574. Some of that is smuggled, where it is possibly used for money laundering or financing illicit activities. In May 1962, Sierra Leone held its first general election as an independent nation. Mineral exports remain the main currency earner. The upper part of the drainage basin of the Moa River is located in the south of this region. In 1924, the UK government divided the administration of Sierra Leone into Colony and Protectorate, with different political systems constitutionally defined for each. Stevens began efforts that would later improve transportation and movements between the provinces and the city of Freetown. : Sierra Leone News", "SIERRA LEONE NOW: Attempts To Launder Maada Bio's Battered Image Fail We Were Not Supreme Council Members Civilians In NPRC Deny Involvement In Atrocities", "Standard Times Press Sierra Leone's NPRC's Ruthlessness No Death Certificates For 29 Sierra Leoneans", "How Sierra Leone fell into the hands of young soldiers", "Campaigns | Sierra Leone: Imminent execution / death penalty / legal concern", "Sierra Leone: one place where Tony Blair remains an unquestioned hero", "Sierra Leone launches three-day, door-to-door Ebola prevention campaign", "Sierra Leone cancels all soccer matches over Ebola outbreak", "Auswrtiges Amt Sierra Leone: Reise- und Sicherheitshinweise", "7 March 2018 Election in Sierra Leone by numbers", "An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm", "National Report on the Implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD): Sierra Leone", "Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD): An Options Assessment Report", "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity Supplementary Material", Sierra Leone Legal System and Legal Research, "Sierra Leone declares former junta head president", "Sierra Leone National Election Commission Bulletin", "Russia and Sierra Leone diplomatic relations", "Welcome to the Mano River Union Website", "Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Relations", Armed forces (Sierra Leone) Jane's Sentinel Security Assessments, "Summary (Sierra Leone) Jane's World Air Forces", "In Sierra Leone, Army Chief of Defence Staff Commends Troops", "State Sponsored Homophobia: A world survey of laws criminalising same-sex sexual acts between consenting adults", "71 Countries Where Homosexuality is Illegal", "Chiefs: Economic Development and Elite Control of Civil Society in Sierra Leone", "ActionAid launches Perception survey as new local councils struggle to survive", "Sierra Leone Human Development Report 2007 Empowering Local Government for Sustainable Development and Poverty Reduction The District Focus Approach to Development", "Final Results 2004 population and housing census", "Bombali profile of geographical entity including name variants", "Tonkolili profile of geographical entity including name variants", "Kambia profile of geographical entity including name variants", "Kenema profile of geographical entity including name variants", "Kailahun profile of geographical entity including name variants", "Bo profile of geographical entity including name variants", Sierra Leone News: Africell Presents Second Consignment of Food to all Quarantined Homes, "Energy Africa Access Campaign Policy Compact Sierra Leone Final Report", "Prevalence of Acute Respiratory Infections in Women and Children in Western Sierra Leone due to Smoke from Wood and Charcoal Stoves", "NATIONAL ENERGY PROFILE OF SIERRA LEONE [JUNE, 2012]", "Sierra Leone solar push aims to bring electricity to all by 2025", "The endgame of the Bumbuna hydroelectric plant project", "Sierra Leone signs MoU for $750 million hydro power boost", "Hydro brings light and hope to Sierra Leone", "Population, total - Sierra Leone | Data", "Sierra Leone: Krio and the Quest for National Integration", "Recounting the sacrifices that made Bangla the State Language", "Sierra Leone makes Bengali official language", "Sierra Leone Hailed for Religious Tolerance", "Preventing religious conflict in Sierra Leone: a careful balancing act", "Media Centre In Sierra Leone, partnerships with religious leaders help combat child mortality", "Interreligious Community Advocates for Peace in Sierra Leone with photos", "Ahmadiyya Movement Goes Mainstream in Sierra Leone", Sierra Leone: Bo Ahmadiya Muslim Secondary School Golden Jubilee, Former Principal and Secretary-General Honoured, "National President of the Supreme Islamic Council of Sierra Leone Congratulates H.E (Rtd) Juilius Maada Bio and his vice, Dr Mohamed Juldeh Jalloh", "*Sierra Leone Imams present new president to Hon. Stevens had campaigned on a platform of bringing the tribes together under socialist principles. Its capital and largest town is Bendugu. The results were that 64% of children were diagnosed with ARI where firewood stoves were used, and 44% where charcoal stoves were used. They are descendants of traders from Guinea who migrated to Sierra Leone during the late nineteenth to mid-twentieth centuries. Supreme executive authority rests in the president and members of his cabinet and judicial power with the judiciary of which the Chief Justice of Sierra Leone is the head. The Sierra Leone Peninsula, which is the site of Freetown, is a region of thickly wooded mountains that run parallel to the sea for about 25 miles (40 km). It made its international debut at the 2004 African Affiliates Championship, where it finished last of eight teams. A key indicator of success will be the effectiveness of government management of its diamond sector. The Criminal Libel Law, including Seditious Libel Law of 1965, is used to control what is published in the media. [21] Ahmad Tejan Kabbah won the 1996 presidential election and became the first multi-party democratically elected president of Sierra Leone. [174] "Pandebu-Tokpombu" is presumably the extended town of Torgbonbu, which had a population of 10,716 in the 2004 census. The names of the four provinces are straightforward and related to their geographical position: The Western Area contains the capital of Sierra Leone, Freetown. Also in 2004, a UN-backed war crimes court began holding trials of senior leaders from both sides of the war. Freetown has internet cafs and other businesses offering internet access. Agyepong I. The Western Area Urban District exclusively comprises the entire city of Freetown, the national capital, and its divided into the . 49,839; Regent Urban Area: pop. There was great suspicion that president Momoh was not serious about his promise of political reform, as APC rule continued to be increasingly marked by abuses of power. [209] However, female household does change depending on their marital status. Stevens held on to this position for 14 years (until 1985) under a one-party system of government facilitated by the controversial 1978 Constitution. While free health care may be provided in some villages, the medical staff is poorly paid and sometimes charge for their services, taking advantage of the fact that the villagers are not aware of their right to free medical care. [33] The Spanish rendering of this geographic formation is Sierra Leona, which later was adapted, misspelled and became the country's current name. Within the confines of the 1991 Constitution, supreme legislative powers are vested in Parliament, which is the law-making body of the nation. The SLPP leadership, led by Sir Milton Margai, negotiated with the British and the educated Krio-dominated colony based in Freetown to achieve independence. The provinces of Sierra Leone are divided into 16 districts, as of July 2017. It is a sweet, lightly fermented palm wine,[245] and is found in bars in towns and villages across the country. Law enforcement in Sierra Leone is primarily the responsibility of the Sierra Leone Police (SLP), which is accountable to the Minister of Internal Affairs (appointed by the president). A new constitution was adopted in 1971, paving the way for Sierra Leone becoming a republic, and Siaka Stevens, leader of the All People's Congress (APC), becoming the first executive president of the Republic of Sierra Leone. The constitution of Sierra Leone provides for freedom of religion and the Sierra Leone Government generally protects it. [213] Students at primary schools are usually 6 to 12 years old, and in secondary schools 13 to 18. [254][255], Under legislation enacted in 1980, all newspapers must register with the Ministry of Information and pay sizeable registration fees. Sipsma, Heather L., et al. Norman was a guard to Governor-general Sir Henry Lightfoot-Boston. They primarily occupy the capital city of Freetown and its surrounding Western Area. [162] It has been projected that the Bumbuna dam could potentially reduce the amount of spending on foreign fuel and save the country at least $2 million a month. [42] William Pitt the Younger, prime minister and leader of the Tory party, had an active interest in the Scheme because he saw it as a means to repatriate the Black Poor to Africa, since "it was necessary they should be sent somewhere, and be no longer suffered to infest the streets of London". 208,795 (2015); Goderich - York Urban Area: pop. The majority of newspapers are privately run and are often critical of the government. Sierra Leone is officially a secular state. Sierra Leone's first and second presidents, Siaka Stevens and Joseph Saidu Momoh, respectively, were both ethnic Limba. [77] He based the government on the rule of law and the separation of powers, with multiparty political institutions and fairly viable representative structures. The vast majority of Temne are Muslims at over 85%; with a significant Christian minority at about 10%. Freetown, a major port city on the Atlantic Ocean, is the biggest and capital city of Sierra Leone. The president appoints and heads a cabinet of ministers, which must be approved by the Parliament. They continue to be influential in the civil service. There is a vast expanse of beaches stretching along the Freetown Peninsula. There are also other popular beaches like the world renowned River Number 2 Beach, Laka Beach, Tokeh Beach, Bureh Beach, and Mama Beach. [68] A notable event in 1935 was the granting of a monopoly on mineral mining to the Sierra Leone Selection Trust, run by De Beers. Poyo bars are areas of lively informal debate about politics, football, basketball, entertainment and other issues. She employed her capacity for friendly communications to persuade the British to give her control of the Kpaa Mende chiefdom. Now that the provinces have been divided, an exact measurement of the new provincial areas is unknown. [227] As of 2014[update], Sierra Leone was estimated as having the 11th highest infant mortality rate in the world. [79] Each district has both major and small cities and towns. [148] Agriculture accounted for 58 per cent of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2007. After several days in jail, Ajisafe was released, his church licence was given back to him, and his church was later reopened under strict government condition during several months of probation. Sierra Leone, along with Liberia, Ivory Coast and Guinea, form the Mano River Union (MRU). Koroma was re-elected president for a second (and final) term in November 2012. Be the first to get the latest news, music and videos trending in Sierra Leone. Bombali District, Sierra Leone map with nearby places of interest (Wikipedia articles, food, lodging, parks, etc). [255] As of 2013[update] Sierra Leone is ranked 61st (up two slots from 63rd in 2012) out of 179 countries on Reporters Without Borders' Press Freedom Index. After 11 years, the country conducted another census in 1974, in that headcount, the population grew to two million, seven hundred and thirty-five thousand one hundred and fifty-nine (2,735,159) and after another 11 years in 1985, the census report recorded a population of three million five hundred and fifteen thousand, eight hundred and twelve (3,515,812). [108] The country had a 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 2.76/10, ranking it 154th globally out of 172 countries.[109]. No style is the best. Sir Albert's leadership was briefly challenged by Foreign Minister John Karefa-Smart, who questioned Sir Albert's succession to the SLPP leadership position. With the lack of new faces in the new APC cabinet under president Momoh and the return of many of the old faces from Stevens' government, criticisms soon arose that Momoh was simply perpetuating the rule of Stevens. The Temne predominate in the Northern Sierra Leone and some areas around the capital of Sierra Leone. In addition, differences between the Register of Liberated Africans of 1808 and the List of Captured Negroes of 1812 (which emulated the 1808 document) revealed some disparities in the entries of the recaptives, specifically in the names; many recaptives decided to change their given names to more anglicised versions which contributed to the difficulty in tracking them after they arrived in Sierra Leone. Different European nations started using Sierra Leone as a trading point for slaves brought to the coast by African traders from interior areas undergoing wars and conflicts over territory. The Vai are largely Muslim majority at about 90%, while the Kru are virtually all Christians at over 99%. Following the American Revolution, more than 3,000 Black Loyalists had also been settled in Nova Scotia, where they were finally granted land. [71] In May 1957, Sierra Leone held its first parliamentary election. Sherbro was influential and powerful and the British greatly feared him. Tony Blair, the Prime Minister of Britain at the time of the British intervention, is regarded as a hero by the people of Sierra Leone, many of whom are keen for more British involvement.[95]. In October 2000, a UN-approved certification system for exporting diamonds from the country was put in place and led to a dramatic increase in legal exports. 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