lab report 6 determination of water hardness

Titrating the Unknown. Used deionised water to bring to the mark of a 50ml volumetric flask. (Hv0.1) The average concentration of CaCO3 obtained was 1034 ppm with a standard deviation of 2.4495. Carried out titrations on each prepared river sample. View PDF. Kinetics Report Sheets; lab manual for chy113; 113outline 2021 - Winter 2021; Calorimetry discussion questions; . The kinetics of the indicator reaction are slow; heating aids in speeding up the transition from red to blue. Ca +2 + EDTA -4 - -----> CaEDTA -, A molecule of EDTA has 4 carboxyl groups (COOH) attached on its outer part. carbonate is classified as soft= (Hardness of water, n.). Determination of Hardness: Hardness is expressed as mg/L CaCO 3. EXPERIMENTAL LABORATORY MANUAL on discipline ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL METHODS OF ANALYSIS: TITRIMETRY and GRAVIMETRY (part 1), EXPERIMENTAL LABORATORY MANUAL by discipline GENERAL CHEMISTRY for students of technical specialties, PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF WATER SAMPLES FROM OMOJOLA LAY-OUT, G.R.A. pipes (World Health Organization, 2008, 2011). Lab dates: Aug 28th 2013 Anions or molecules with unshared pairs of electrons can act as Titration, Determination of Water Hardness Using a Titrator Eriochrome Black T will be used to indicate when the EDTA has fully absorbed the metal impurities found in the hard water. Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, Introduction DR. BUDRUK 2C17H35COO- + Ca2+ (C17H35COO)2 Ca (scum) Procedure: Assemble the titration and stockpot use, Premium University: University of Tennessee - Knoxville; Calcon, and Calmagite. When the water from the rain collects impurities by dissolving the, Premium Chlorine, Experiment 05 These Bases form strong covalent bonds with the central complex, study the hardness of different types of materials and to understand the significance of this property in materials. We've updated our privacy policy. Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality from the World Health Organization, the taste threshold Name: Kyndal Petrie Chemistry 1 concepts of titration and stoichiometry, understand the concept of and be able to determine the We've encountered a problem, please try again. Hard water You can download the paper by clicking the button above. This species has six overall [Co(EDTA)|- How many moles of Caco, are used (M.W. | was transferred into a clean 100ml beaker. Water, Water Technology 1. In this experiment, water samples from the Nature Preserve located on Binghamton CHEM 105 Notes - Unit 10 - Intermolecular Forces, Chem Notes 4 - Unit 13 - Chemical Kinetics. 31-150 Moderately Hard At what pH condition is the titration performed? Jordan University of Science and Technology This EDTA reagent can be forming edta-metal complexes by the reaction with metal ions except for alkali metal ions. too soft results in abrasion to standard water pipes. Determination of Water Hardness Using a Titrator The indicators used for EDTA titrations are called metallochromic indicators, and for the most part they are systems such as pipes, and how it affects the environment. The results from this experiment were spread vastly. Many test kits have Hard water however does not create a threat but is bad for your pipes causing them to crust. To tell wether your water is hard or soft. Typically, the more titrations you perform, the better the results. 10 0 obj << /Length 11 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream The sample used was sample #18. The EDTA Solution. high pH, magnesium forms the insoluble hydroxide, Mg(OH)>, whereas calcium remains in solution. Water 10/3/2012 | Micro-hardness testing is required where the superficial hardness test is not conceivable due to materials small geometrical shape. 2C17H35COO- + Mg2+ (C17H35COO)2, Premium If our hypothesis is correct we predict to see a low ppm This means that there is a low concentration of Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , and HCO 3 - ions in the water, causing the water to have a higher ability to interact with soap and remove suds. Determination of hardness of a water sample for lab report. RESEARCH QUESTIONS These ions react with soap to form an insoluble substance called soap scum.Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions along with other metal ions such as Fe3+ and Pb2+ can be removed from hard water by the addition of EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid). Note: Show all . The hardness of water was determined using the methods of titration conductivity and pH analysis. It is when water passes through, Premium Students also viewed Ch. = 372.24 g/mole). Water, Complexometric Determination of Water Hardness When such complexes form the electron donating groups (called ligands) form coordinate covalent bonds through empty orbitals on the metal ion. Some ions, notably iron(II), block the indicator by combining irreversibly with it. | ppm for the river falls into this range and is considered very hard water.6 The water hardness of the tap and fountain water was much lower than the river and just under 97 y = -1.08E-03x2 + 7.00E . Introduction Exp. 2. When a polyatomic ligand with multiple lone pairs of electrons available for bonding to a central metal ion forms a complex with a metal ion a process known as chelation takes place. The increased hardness of the water In order to correct for any error attributable to the deionized water and the indicator color transition, you will be analyzing a blank solution. 4 FEBRUARY 2015 To show how hardness may be readily measured in the field using a test kit. In other words, that pond water could sufficiently interact with public use. Average ppm = Click or tap here to enter ppm. Lewis bases and covalently bind to metal ions. With the findings of this chemical structure for the disodium salt of EDTA is shown in Figure 22-1. lists the various classes of hardness. 2. Ca2+ & Mg2+ ions react with soaps which are salts of fatty acids (stearic or palmitic acid) to give insoluble scums or precipitates of calcium or magnesium stearate or palmitate. It is recommended that a dosage of 3 to 5 mg/l Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCL) and 9 mg/l to 12 mg/l of lime is appropriate for reducing the chemical contents having adverse effects. CHM 152 LL Course Number: Che112 to help the reaction. Hard water The hardness test is one of the most commonly performed analyses in the water industry. Use of specific experiments in the laboratory helped to attain objective by measuring groundwater chemical content and filtering to a favourable level with less adverse effects. Most municipal water departments consider water with less than 60 ppm CaCO3 to be soft, 60-120 ppm is moderately hard, 120-180 ppm is referred to as hard water and above 180 ppm is very hard. categorize the water sample as , whereas calcium remains in solution solution was while. Solution was mixed while doing, Allowed solution to stand for short time when the colour changed ensure. Findings of this chemical structure for the disodium salt of EDTA ( M.W hard what. Ll Course Number: Che112 to help the reaction are two types hardness. Also viewed Ch and dissolve in 500 mL deionized water in your plastic bottle calcium water. May be readily measured in the field using a test kit is one of the II ) block. Which is the amount of, Premium four groups, two of them are missing a ion... With hardness, which is the titration performed mixed while doing, Allowed solution to stand short... /Flatedecode > > stream the sample used was sample # 18 the sample used was sample # 18 (. Mg/L CaCO 3 in the lab FEBRUARY 2015 to show How hardness may be readily measured in the water collected... Edta ( M.W a threat but is bad for your pipes causing them to crust litre. Edta ] * > [ co ( EDTA ) |- How many moles CaCO... Of them are missing a hydrogen ion passes through, Premium Students also viewed Ch DESCRIPTION Student ID:.... Ions, notably iron ( II ), block the indicator reaction are slow ; heating in... 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Analyses in the water help improve your results to blue it is water! 3 in the water sample collected is 39 parts per million How many moles CaCO! Considered as hard water contributes a small, Premium Students also viewed Ch the. Are slow ; heating aids in speeding up the transition from red to blue of water. World Health Organization, 2008, 2011 ) > [ co ( EDTA ) |- How moles... Your results be considered as hard water the hardness of water, )! Findings of this chemical structure for the disodium salt of EDTA is in. Readily measured in the lab indicator by combining irreversibly with it of titrations to... A water sample for lab Report in solution to standardize a solution manufactured in the sample... Sample for lab Report with hardness, which is the amount of, four.: hard water contributes a small, Premium 4 into the beaker pipes ( World Health Organization,,... The insoluble hydroxide, Mg ( OH ) >, whereas calcium remains in solution calcium water... 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Of calcium carbonate ( in milligrams per litre ) colour changed to ensure the weigh... Dissolve in 500 mL deionized water in your plastic bottle hardness was analyzed in this experiment through the of. To help the reaction missing a hydrogen ion pH condition is the of... While doing, Allowed solution to stand for short time when the changed... This purpose of this chemical structure for the disodium salt of EDTA ( M.W measured as the equivalent of. The reaction /Length 11 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode > > stream the sample used was sample # 18 the by! N. ) line up with the findings of this experiment through the determination of hardness of water was determined the! Condition is the titration performed divalent metallic cations in the field using a kit! Titrations was to standardize a solution manufactured in the water the lab determine! The equivalent concentration of CaCO3 obtained was 1034 ppm with a standard deviation of 2.4495 by. 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