Uruguay has by far the smallest population of any country that has won a World Cup. Understand The name Uruguay means river of the colorful birds. WebLead Material Analyst. Uruguay has enjoyed friendly relations with the United States since its transition back to democracy. Contents 1 Native 2 Colonization 3 Struggle for independence, 18111828 [16] It ranks high on global measures of personal rights, tolerance, and inclusion issues,[17] including its acceptance of the LGBT community. The major internal river is the Ro Negro ('Black River'). [93], The Uruguayan armed forces are constitutionally subordinate to the president, through the minister of defense. Montevideo was founded by the Spanish in the early 18th century as a military stronghold in the country. Less successfully, they introduced rugby and cricket. [24] Until 1947, about 90% of the railroad system was British-owned. 30.1% reported believing in a god, but not belonging to any religion, while 14% were atheist or agnostic. [24] However, these border disputes have not prevented both countries from having friendly diplomatic relations and strong economic ties. [32] Following the referendum, the armed forces announced a plan for the return to civilian rule, and national elections were held in 1984. [36], In 1845, Britain and France intervened against Rosas to restore commerce to normal levels in the region. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons", "Uruguay returns to the Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance", Uruguay To Lift Ban On Gays In The Military, "Uruguayan Major General appointed head of UN mission in India and Pakistan", "Building out: Uruguay exports architectural services to India and Latin America", "Uruguay's Frente Amplio: From Revolution to Dilution", "Uruguay's record-setting economic growth streak", "Uruguay Rate Rise 'Strong Signal,' Bergara, Lorenzo Say", "IMF anticipates 'soft-landing' of Uruguay's economy in next two years", "Uruguay's GDP Rose 10.4% in Second quarter From Year Before on Transport", "Uruguay's debt/GDP ratio down after five quarters running increases", "Uruguay becomes first nation to legalise marijuana trade", "Uruguay has 3.8 cattle per capita, highest in the world", "Jos Ignacio, an Uruguayan Resort Town That's Chic, but So Far Not Famous", "Overview: Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay Trade Relations", "Montevideo port becomes most advanced container terminal in South America", "Logistics, infrastructure and communications", "New Carrasco terminal among the "most beautiful airports in the world", "Pluna: reunin de conciliacin entre el Estado y Leadgate", "Omnibus Interior Catlogo de Datos Abiertos", "Uruguay privatization scheme jolted by opposition", "Uruguay, Latin America's Renewable Champion", "Uruguay makes dramatic shift to nearly 95% electricity from clean energy", "Uruguay is now generating 95% of its electricity from renewable energy", "Uruguay has shifted to getting 95% of its electricity from renewables in less than 10 years", "Atlas Sociodemografico y de la Desigualdad en Uruguay, 2011: Ancestry", "Genetic composition of Brazilian population samples based on a set of twenty-eight ancestry informative SNPs", "Uruguay: South America's best-kept secret? [53] Despite the severity of the trade shocks, Uruguay's financial indicators remained more stable than those of its neighbours, a reflection of its solid reputation among investors and its investment-grade sovereign bond rating, one of only two in South America. However, the economy did not improve and deteriorated after 1980, the GDP fell by 20% and unemployment rose to 17%. [152] In the 2006 PISA test, Uruguay had one of the greatest standard deviations among schools, suggesting significant variability by socio-economic level. At the time of independence, Uruguay had an estimated population of just under 75,000. With a peak of 50,000 during the mid-1960s, Uruguay has the world's highest rate of aliyah as a percentage of the Jewish population. The National Party's Luis Alberto Lacalle won the 1989 presidential election and amnesty for human rights abusers was endorsed by referendum. Uruguay no longer imports electricity. [121] However, rail passenger commuter service into Montevideo was restarted in 1993, and now comprises three suburban lines. [25] Notable amongst Latin American playwrights is Florencio Snchez (18751910), who wrote plays about contemporary social problems that are still performed today. [19][20] The name could also refer to a river snail called urugu (Pomella megastoma) that was plentiful across its shores. [25] The guitar is the preferred musical instrument, and in a popular traditional contest called the payada two singers, each with a guitar, take turns improvising verses to the same tune.[25]. Officials of both countries emphasized the need to end this rivalry in the name of regional integration in 2010. Also notable are Juana de Ibarbourou (18951979), Delmira Agustini (18661914), Idea Vilario (19202009), and the short stories of Horacio Quiroga and Juan Jos Morosoli (18991959). The area that became Uruguay was first inhabited by groups of huntergatherers 13,000 years ago. On 15 June 1838, an army led by the Colorado leader Rivera overthrew President Oribe, who fled to Argentina. Uruguay is a diverse country full of a variety of cultures, foods, religions, arts, and sports, all coming together to form a unique national identity. [25] Besides stressing the importance of upholding spiritual over materialistic values, it also stresses resisting cultural dominance by Europe and the United States. During the 1960s and 1970s, Argentina underwent huge political and cultural societal change, as sectors such as the young, women and those living in the interior found their voices in challenging the status quo. [152], Uruguay is part of the One Laptop per Child project, and in 2009 became the first country in the world to provide a laptop for every primary school student,[154] as part of the Plan Ceibal. [53], Vzquez, who assumed the government in March 2005, created the Ministry of Social Development and sought to reduce the country's poverty rate with a $240million National Plan to Address the Social Emergency (PANES), which provided a monthly conditional cash transfer of approximately $75 to over 100,000 households in extreme poverty. In 2012 the sector was estimated to account for 97,000 jobs and (directly and indirectly) 9% of GDP. Uruguay is a country in South America. It shares borders with Argentina to its west and southwest and Brazil to its north and northeast; while bordering the Ro de la Plata to the south and the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast. In 166971, the Portuguese built a fort at Colonia del Sacramento (Colnia do Sacramento). [36] The besieged Uruguayans called on resident foreigners for help, which led to a French and an Italian legion being formed, the latter led by the exiled Giuseppe Garibaldi. [81] Uruguay ranks 21st as least corrupt in the World Corruption Perceptions Index composed by Transparency International. Pressure groups (consisting mainly of businessmen, hacendados, and industrialists) were organized and had a strong influence on government. [32] Enlistment is voluntary in peacetime, but the government has the authority to conscript in emergencies. Uruguayan Portuguese is spoken as a native language by between 3% and 15%[dubious discuss] of the Uruguayan population, in northern regions near the Brazilian border,[149][dubious discuss][bettersourceneeded] making it the second most spoken language of the country. Uruguay is divided into 19 departments whose local administrations replicate the division of the executive and legislative powers. The First Presidency of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has called 164 new mission presidents and companions; most will begin service in July. WebThe history of Uruguay comprises different periods: the pre-Columbian time or early history (up to the 16th century), the Colonial Period (15161811), the Period of Nation-Building (18111830), and the history of Uruguay as an independent country (1830). [70] The southeast is considerably cooler than the rest of the country, especially during spring, when the ocean with cold water after the winter cools down the temperature of the air and brings more humidity to that region. One of the most consumed spreadables in Uruguay is Dulce de leche (a caramel confection from Latin America prepared by slowly heating sugar and milk). Please let us know how we can help. Numerous unpaved roads connect farms and small towns. [66] According to the Kppen Climate Classification, most of the country has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa). Under pressure from organized labor and the National Party, Baldomir advocated free elections, freedom of the press, and a new constitution. [136] 50% of new legal residents come from Argentina and Brazil. [42] Montevideo became a major economic center of the region and an entrept for goods from Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. [65], Located entirely within the southern temperate zone, Uruguay has a climate that is relatively mild and fairly uniform nationwide. Between 1875 and 1890, the military became the center of power. Neither side gained the upper hand and in 1828 the Treaty of Montevideo, fostered by the United Kingdom through the diplomatic efforts of Viscount John Ponsonby, gave birth to Uruguay as an independent state. A wave of bands appeared in Montevideo, including Los Shakers, Los Mockers, Los Iracundos, Los Moonlights, and Los Malditos, who became major figures in the so-called Uruguayan Invasion of Argentina. [74][75] Many of its provisions were suspended in 1973, but re-established in 1985. Jan 2022 - Present1 year 1 month. [111] However, 54% is in the hands of 11% of farmers, who have a minimum of 500 head. El Pas, the paper of the rival Blanco Party, has the largest circulation. [35], In 1843, an Argentine army overran Uruguay on Oribe's behalf but failed to take the capital. Mate (drink) is the most typical beverage in Uruguay, being a portable beverage that Uruguayans take to all manner of places. When the two clubs play each other, it is known as Uruguayan Clsico and is the most important rivalry in Uruguay and one of the biggest in the American continent.[171]. [53] The United States and Uruguay have also cooperated on military matters, with both countries playing significant roles in the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti. Those guests may organize custom tours through the Destination Services Desk on board. The present-day State Railways Administration of Uruguay maintains 2,900 kms of extendable railway network. Uruguay is today a democratic constitutional republic, with a president who serves as both head of state and head of government. [162], State-run radio and TV are operated by the official broadcasting service SODRE. South America Church Statistics. Uruguay Members 102999 Congregations 143 Missions 2 Family History Centers [95], In 1991, the country experienced an increase in strikes to obtain wage compensation to offset inflation and to oppose the privatizations desired by the government of Luis Alberto Lacalle. His inauguration coincided with the effects of the Great Depression,[44] and the social climate became tense as a result of the lack of jobs. In 1973, amid increasing economic and political turmoil, the armed forces, asked by the President Juan Mara Bordaberry, disbanded Parliament and established a civilian-military regime. The siege of Montevideo, which began in February 1843, would last nine years. [25], Tango has also affected Uruguayan culture, especially during the 20th century, particularly the '30s and '40s with Uruguayan singers such as Julio Sosa from Las Piedras. More Home Reviews Videos Photos About See all We are missionaries for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints in the Uruguay Montevideo West Mission July [32] This led to the 500-day-long Cisplatine War. Punta del Este is situated on a small peninsula off the southeast coast of Uruguay. [33] Once the troops from Buenos Aires had withdrawn, the Banda Oriental appointed its first autonomous government. [164] Uruguay won gold at the 1924 Paris Olympic Games[165] and again in 1928 in Amsterdam. Blending elements of art and nature the work of the landscape architect Leandro Silva Delgado[es] has also earned international prominence. [99] Uruguayans have access to more than 100 private daily and weekly newspapers, more than 100 radio stations, and some 20 terrestrial television channels, and cable TV is widely available. Since its independence, the country has been known as "Repblica Oriental del Uruguay", which literally translates to "Republic East of the Uruguay [River]". [132] [170], Football was taken to Uruguay by English sailors and labourers in the late 19th century. manufacturing plant. [18] The country has legalized cannabis, same-sex marriage, prostitution and abortion. [145] Under the influence of the Colorado politician Jos Batlle y Ordez (19031911), complete separation of church and state was introduced with the new constitution of 1917. Their names and assignments are listed below. [73] Uruguay is a unitary state: justice, education, health, security, foreign policy and defense are all administered nationwide. An armed group, known as the Tupamaros emerged in the 1960s, engaging in activities such as bank robbery, kidnapping and assassination, in addition to attempting an overthrow of the government. Although Argentine holidaymakers are an important target market for tourism in Uruguay, in recent years the country has managed to position itself as an important tourist destination to other markets, receiving a high flow of visitors from countries such as Brazil, Paraguay and the United States, among others. [43] The following year, the Blancos led a rural revolt and eight bloody months of fighting ensued before their leader, Aparicio Saravia, was killed in battle. [43] Batlle had two terms (190307 and 191115) during which, taking advantage of the nation's stability and growing economic prosperity, he instituted major reforms, such as a welfare program, government participation in many facets of the economy, and a plural executive. Very little is known about the people who built them as they left no written record, but evidence has been found of agriculture and domesticated dogs. [113], Uruguay is the Latin American country that receives the most tourists in relation to its population. WebWife, Julie; four children. [157] Nevertheless, a Carlos Gardel museum was established in 1999 in Valle Edn, near Tacuaremb.[158]. [159] Popular bands of the Uruguayan Invasion sang in English. [33] The assembly refused to seat the delegates from the Banda Oriental, however, and Buenos Aires pursued a system based on unitary centralism. [44], In 1938, general elections were held and Terra's brother-in-law, General Alfredo Baldomir, was elected president. [32] In December 2010, Uruguayan Major General Gloodtdofsky, was appointed Chief Military Observer and head of the United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan. [73], Uruguay adopted its current constitution in 1967. On his first day in office in March 1985, Sanguinetti re-established complete freedom of the press. In 1603, the Spanish began to introduce cattle, which became a source of wealth in the region. The state intervened by trying to bail out failing companies and banks. [80] Uruguay ranked 27th in the Freedom House "Freedom in the World" index. [25] Earlier settlers had migrated from Argentina. [36] It appeared that Montevideo would finally fall when an uprising against Rosas, led by Justo Jos de Urquiza, governor of Argentina's Entre Ros Province, began. [156] When the famous tango singer Carlos Gardel was 29 years old he changed his nationality to be Uruguayan, saying he was born in Tacuaremb, but this subterfuge was probably done to keep French authorities from arresting him for failing to register in the French Army for World War I. Gardel was born in France and was raised in Buenos Aires. The dialect was spoken mainly in the Colonia Department, where the first pilgrims settled, in the city called La Paz. [94] In the fiscal year 2010, the United States provided Uruguay with $1.7million in military assistance, including $1million in Foreign Military Financing and $480,000 in International Military Education and Training. [111], The tourism industry in Uruguay is an important part of its economy. [137], Metropolitan Montevideo is the only large city, with around 1.9million inhabitants, or more than half the country's total population. [60], In 2014, Tabar Vzquez was elected to a non-consecutive second presidential term, which began on 1 March 2015. WebUruguay ist nach Suriname der zweitkleinste Staat Sdamerikas. Covering an area of 176,000 sq.km, Uruguay is South America's 2nd smallest nation. [52] Low commodity prices and economic difficulties in Uruguay's main export markets (starting in Brazil with the devaluation of the real, then in Argentina in 2002), caused a severe recession; the economy contracted by 11%, unemployment climbed to 21%, and the percentage of Uruguayans in poverty rose to over 30%. A 2010 Latinobarmetro poll found that, within Latin America, Uruguayans are among the most supportive of democracy and by far the most satisfied with the way democracy works in their country. [121] Passenger service was then discontinued in 1988. [32] Armed forces personnel number about 14,000 for the Army, 6,000 for the Navy, and 3,000 for the Air Force. [115] Its quay can handle 14-metre draught (46ft) vessels. Popular Uruguayan rock bands include La Vela Puerca, No Te Va Gustar, El Cuarteto de Nos, Once Tiros, La Trampa, Chalamadre, Snake, Buitres, and Cursi. When a child remains in Uruguay for more than 365 days and is traveling with only one parent, traveling alone, or traveling with someone other than the parents, the minor child is required to have a Permiso de Menor (permission for a minor) issued by the Uruguayan National Immigration Directorate prior to departing Uruguay. A 2008 survey by the INE of Uruguay showed Catholic Christianity as the main religion, with 45.7% 81.4%[141] of the population; 9.0% are non-Catholic Christians, 0.6% are Animists or Umbandists (an Afro-Brazilian religion), and 0.4% Jewish. [24], Since May 2009, homosexuals have been allowed to serve in the military after the defense minister signed a decree stating that military recruitment policy would no longer discriminate on the basis of sexual orientation. According to one source, around 180 Uruguayans are known to have been killed and disappeared, with thousands more illegally detained and tortured during the 12-year civil-military rule of 1973 to 1985. 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