. The Iberians had support from Celtiberian tribes and were under the command of two chieftains, Istolatios and his brother. Livy states Hanno son of Hamilcar in 204 BC left Carthage with 4,000 cavalry and never came back. Mago and Hasdrubal were his younger brothers. [111] The Romans withdrew and did not bother the Carthaginians in Spain until 226 BC. Hamilcar next raided Locri in Bruttium and the area around Brindisi in 247 BC. Browse 50 hamilcar barca stock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. Hannibal Barca was probably a black Carthaginian military commander; he became famous for his crossing of the Alps, his strategic brilliance before taking on major campaigns, his tactical genius on the battlefield, and his operational prowess during combat. Hamilcar Barca (ca. But now the 20,000 man army had to be paid their full due. He was known for his skill as a commander and his contributions to the army. Hamilcar crucified Spendius and other rebel hostages outside Tunis to terrorize Matho, but this backfired when the rebels were able to surprise and defeat Hannibal's army due to their lax discipline. They had remained in power throughout the Mercenary War and had advocated Hanno's position over Hamilcar's more than once. Hamilcar was a common Punic name; in fact, another general of the same name preceded him in command. Carthaginians may have taken control of the mining operations and introduced new technologies to increase production. After weeks of maneuvering, Hamilcar finally managed to trap about 40,000 rebels in a valley surrounded on three sides by mountains.[66]. When the Mercenary War burst out in 239BC, Hamilcar was recalled to command and was instrumental in concluding that conflict successfully. Hamlicar bristled at the terms of the treaty, which obligated Carthage to pay Rome a huge indemnity and to surrender all land in Sicily. Hamilcar Barca Kordas (Public Domain) Hamilcar Barca (c. 285 - c. 228 BCE) was a Carthaginian general active in the First Punic War (264-241 BCE). When his army marched toward the city of Rome, he was unable to conquer the city because his army lacked the siege equipment and reinforcement necessary to take it. [11] It was to be seven years before Rome again attempted to field a substantial fleet.[12][13]. Training for the army was obtained in some Numidian forays, then Hamilcar marched the army westwards to the Pillars of Hercules. [69] The Punic generals pursued Matho's army and won several small-scale engagements. If he had lived in the United . Hanno the Great was aligned with them and they espoused peaceful relations with Rome, even at the cost of abandoning overseas territories. https://www.worldhistory.org/Hamilcar_Barca/. Punic survivors fled, and all their baggage was captured along with Hannibal and thirty Carthaginian senators. When Hannibal was 17 years old, however, his father was killed in an ambush in Spain, which was primarily under the rule of the North African empire. [1] L Hamilcar the Carthaginian, son of Hannibal and surnamed Barca, in the First Punic War, but when it was nearly ended, was first put in command of an army in Sicily, when he was a very young man. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/Hamilcar_Barca/. [50] Hamilcar's former soldiers, who had been kept together only by his personal authority and by the promise of good pay, broke out into open mutiny once Hanno the Great tried to impose this, and marched on Carthage and encamped at Tunis. The Romans rejected these terms and appointed ten commissioners, led by Quantius Lutatius Cerco, brother of the consul and himself consul in 240 BC, to reexamine the conditions. Carthage sent a mercenary force under Hanno to retake the island in 239 BC, but this group also rebelled, killing Hanno and their Carthaginian officers and joining the rebels in Sardinia. Hamilcar, captured during the wars, spent on distribution to his soldiers and sent to Carthage to buy the favor of the people and part of the aristocracy and make the idea of conquering Spain more popular. He was appointed commander in chief in Sicily in 247 B.C., when, after 18 years of fighting, the Carthaginian forces were at their lowest. Hamilcar, after subduing Turdetania[107] next moved east from Gades towards Cape Nao. Autaritus spread the rumor that Carthaginian prisoners led by Gisco were plotting to escape. 68, 69, Punica Barcino, Goldsworthy, Adrian, The Fall of Carthage, pp95, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hamilcar_Barca&oldid=1118409183, Carthaginian commanders of the First Punic War, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2018, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Articles with German-language sources (de), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Hamilcars victory over the mercenaries in 237 contributed to his growing political power in Carthage and led him to pursue territory in Spain as compensation for the losses to Rome. Hamilcar then resigned his command but he would be needed again within months. 285-c. 229 B.C.) However, if Hamilcar had hoped to recapture Panormus, he failed in his strategy. Shouting encouragement to each other they broke into a run to pursue. The Carthaginian army would surrender their weapons and all Roman deserters immediately. Carthage was on the rise again and eager to create a wider Mediterranean empire. He then quashed a rebellion closer to home between 241 and 237 BCE before returning abroad, where he successfully expanded Carthaginian interests in southern Spain. Roman consul Fundanius (243/2 BC) arrogantly replied that Hamilcar should request a truce to save his living and denied the request. The World History Encyclopedia logo is a registered trademark. RM G15JXK - Hannibal, son of Hamilcar Barca (247-183/182 BC) was a Carthaginian military commander and tactician generally considered one of the greatest military commanders in history. Newest results. The coin presented does not appear to favor the features of either. He supplemented his original force of some 25,000 with local recruits and amassed a 50,000-strong army which included a corps of Numidian cavalry (supplied by Prince Naravas) and 100 elephants. It is possible that Hamilcar Barca secured the last clause after the initial conditions, which were more favorable to Carthage, was altered by Rome with a harsher one. By this time he had three daughters, and his son Hannibal was born during the same year. Early life Finally, with the fall of the rebel capital in 237 BCE, Hippacra and Utica back on the Carthaginian side, and Libya now compliant, Carthage had regained control of its African empire. With a reduced army and fleet, Hamilcar commenced his operations. He makes his first appearance when the series' events shift to Relic's Point, overseeing the research and . Massalia had become friendly with Rome over the years, if not an outright ally by 237 BC, and this connection would become a significant factor in the power politics of the region. One historian commented that had he not been the father of Hannibal, Hamilcar's Sicilian front might have received scant notice. Hamilcar's army either crossed the Straits of Gibraltar into Iberia from West Africa[88] or, having returned to Carthage after the African activities, sailed along the African coast to Gades. [53] Hanno posted his army near Hippo Acra, where Matho's army was besieging the town. [57] As the two rebel forces came into clear sight the Carthaginians wheeled, and marched away. One of his most famous achievements was at the outbreak of the Second Punic War, In this war unbelievable atrocities were committed on both sides. America's Black dilemma They managed to take over all Punic territories in Sardinia. All the black African looking coins have been carbon dated around the time that Hannibal was alive, but the Semitic looking coins are dated roughly a century or more after Hannibals death. Hamilcar was a Carthaginian commander whose greatest achievement was winning the Battle of Drepanum in 249 BC during the First Punic War. Hamilcar is a gladiator who fights for the ludus of Batiatus. He held command (247-41) during the first Punic War and established Carthaginian influence in Spain (237-?228) Hamilcar's faction gained enough clout, if not supreme power in Carthage, for Hamilcar to implement his next agenda. Hamilcar broke off the second siege of Carthage by Mathos and headed inland where a rebel army awaited him. Related Content Coin minted at Carthagena C.230 BC, showing the bearded head of Melqart, generally regarded as a portrait of Hamilcar Barca. [106] Hamilcar now had the means to pay for his mercenary army and also to ship silver ore to Carthage to help pay off the war indemnity. Department of History 106 Dulles Hall 230 Annie & John Glenn Avenue Columbus, OH 43210. [33] Hamilcar managed to inflict severe casualties on the Romans soon after, and when the Roman consul requested a truce to bury his dead, Hamilcar replied that his quarrel was with the living only and the dead had already settled their dues, and granted the truce.[34]. The initial conditions laid out by Lutatius to Gisco were:[40], Hamilcar Barca refused the demand to surrender Roman deserters or disarm Carthaginian soldiers, despite being threatened by Lutatius to have the Punic army pass under the yoke. This position allowed Hamilcar to hold a mountain base and harass the rear of the Roman forces who were besieging Drepana and Lilybaeum, which were Carthage's last remaining strongholds on Sicily. The soldiers refused to accept Hamilcar as an arbitrator, angered by his refusal to accompany his army from Sicily and retiring to Carthage as soon as the treaty with Rome was formalized, and although Carthage at this point conceded to all their demands, things soon boiled over and started the conflict known as the Mercenary War. However, the constant skirmishing without ultimate victory may have caused the morale of some of Hamilcar's troops to crack and 1,000 Celtic mercenaries tried to betray the Punic camp to the Romans, which was foiled. [58] Hamilcar unleashed his trap as the disorderly rebels closed on his formation. Completed Exodus Transitional Program. Hamilcar Barca 275-228 BC In respect of individual courage the Romans were far superior, but the general who must be acknowledged as the greatest on either side, both in daring and in genius, was Hamilcar, surnamed Barca. Until the rise to power of his son Hannibal, Hamilcar was the finest commander and statesman that Carthage had produced. Hannibal Barca, born Carthage 247 B.C, Hannibal Barcar was the son of the Carthaginian general Hamilcar Barca. By 231 BC, Hamilcar Barca had consolidated his Iberian territorial gains and established the city of Akra Leuke (Alicante),[108][109] probably in 235 BC, to guard Punic holdings, and possibly took over the area of Massalian colonies near the mouth of Sucro River. Neither side should make war on the other's allies, or seek to change their allegiance by allying with them directly or interfering with their internal affairs. The rebels, under Spendius and Matho, were joined by 70,000 African subjects of Carthage. There was no other city like it. 270 a.C. - 228 a.C.) foi um estadista e general cartagins responsvel pela conquista da Hispnia por Cartago. He employed combined arms tactics, like Alexander and Pyrrhus,[20] and his strategy was similar to the one employed by Quintus Fabius Maximus in the Second Punic War, ironically against Hannibal, the eldest son of Hamilcar Barca, in Italy during 217 BC. He made no attempt to join Hanno near Utica. As the cavalry and then the elephants came closer to the infantry Hamilcar ordered each in turn to also wheel about to face the rebels. The copyright holder has published this content under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Hamilcar stood out far above the Carthaginians of his age in military and diplomatic skill and in strength of patriotism; in these qualities he was surpassed only by his son Hannibal, whom he may have imbued with his own deep suspicion of Rome and trained to be his successor in the conflict. An unnamed fourth son is often referred to, but details are lacking. Hamilcar Barca is a legendary purple general in Evony The King's Return. Punic Mercenaries stationed in Sardinia had rebelled in 239 BC, besieged Boaster and all Carthaginians in a citadel and later executed them after the fort fell. Was Hanno a Barca? Because of his place in military history, people often question his origin and black African ethnicity. ; Carthaginian general; commanded Carthage's forces in Sicily (247-241) during the First Punic War against Rome; traveled to Spain (237) to rebuild Carthaginian influences there; drowned during the withdrawal from the siege of Helice in 229) But who reads Polybius (1.65-83) can see how he came to this act. Whatever the case, Hamilcar enjoyed uninterrupted command in Iberia during his stay there. The Carthaginians needed to gain the far side of the Bagradas, so they could manoeuvre freely, but lacked the strength to force a crossing against the superior rebel force guarding against this. The Encyclopedia of Military Biography; Trevor N. Dupuy and others; 1995. Hamilcar Barca ( #89-A-8926 ) < Previous Employment Profile Next Employment Profile > Employment; Skills. Whatever direct territorial control Carthage had had in the past in Iberia,[98] this had been mostly lost by this time as Hamilcar was "re-establishing Carthaginian authority in Iberia". Boston, Massachusetts, United States - April 20, 2013: Boston Harbor. In these conflicts, Hamilcar had switched Carthage from a naval power to a land power with great success, and he firmly established the Barcid family as the ruling house of Carthage. Hamilcar refused and slaughtered all of them except for the commanders. Cartwright, Mark. Hamilcar besieged Indortes, tortured and crucified him after his surrender but allowed 10,000 of the captured enemy soldiers to go home.[105]. This is the second and most important cause of the. Over the years I've covered thousands of miles and worn holes in even the best walking boots, putting one foot in front of the other to write walking features for this paper. Until the rise to power of his son Hannibal, Hamilcar was the finest commander and statesman that Carthage had produced. "Hamilcar Barca." The gloomy situation changed when first Syracuse and then Rome came to the aid of Carthage. The traditional historiography up to the 80's interpreted the Carthaginian policy on the Iberian Peninsula at the end of the VI century BC as basically one of imperial domination directed at replacing the Phoenician presence by direct Carthaginian control. [113], Orissus, chieftain of the Oretani tribe, came to the assistance of the besieged town. In 237 BCE Hamilcar had famously taken his son, then nine years old, to the temple of Baal in Carthage and made him swear never to be a friend of Rome. J.-C.). Carthage was hit by a series of disasters in 239 BC: her fleet and supply flotilla bringing supplies from Empoia was sunk in a storm, the mercenaries in Sardinia rebelled and the cities of Utica and Hippo Acra killed their Punic garrisons and defected to the rebels. Once more Hamilcar was asked to clear the mess. By the winter of 238 BC, the Mercenary revolt was over. These were taken to Tunis, the rebel capital, and crucified in full sight of Mathos' army. He kept his army intact and led a successful guerrilla war against the Romans in Sicily. Dr. Hamilcar Barcas (also called Hamical Balcus in some translations) is one of the primary antagonists of Guyver: The Bioboosted Armour. In respect of individual courage the Romans were far superior, but the general who must be acknowledged as the greatest on either side, both in daring and in genius, was . xxiv. Home Team History on Should Black Me. By this time he had three daughters, and his son Hannibal was born during the same year. According to Polybius, the causes of the Second Punic war were as follows: Based on this, and Hannibal's oath, some historians infer that Hamilcar's post-Mercenary War activities were aimed at eventual war with Rome, which was inherited by his sons, and some further suggested that Hamilcar devised the strategy of invading Italy by crossing the Alps as well as Hannibal's battle tactics. Castellacio, 7 miles north-west of Palermo),[26] and not only maintained himself against all attacks, but carried on with his seaborne raids ranging from Catana[27] in Sicily to as far as Cumae in central Italy. Hasdrubal defeated the rebels, killing 8,000 and taking 2,000 prisoners before returning to Iberia. Finally, when the Carthaginian Senate was unable to decide between Hamilcar and Hanno, the people's assembly left it to the army to decide on their Commander in Chief, and Hamilcar Barca was elected to sole command. Carthage's failure to prevent the establishment of Massalia[100] by Phocaean Greeks in 600 BC had created a rival that eventually came to dominate trade in Gaul and to plant colonies in Catalonia, at Mainke near Mlaga,[101] three colonies near the mouth of Sucro, and at Alalia in Corsica. Seizing upon Carthages weakness, Rome took the islands of Sardinia and Corsica, and, when an enraged Hamilcar moved to respond, Rome increased the amount of the Carthaginian indemnity. Espoused peaceful relations with Rome, even at the cost of abandoning overseas territories # x27 ; Black... Hall 230 Annie & amp ; John Glenn Avenue Columbus, OH 43210 all Roman immediately. 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