Dharug (also Dharuk, Darug, Daruk) is the traditional language of the Australian Aboriginal people in the inland areas of greater Sydney. Dharug is an English word list with 91 rows of letters. These phonetic forms are a suggested guide to pronunciation. The reference forms are phonetic rather than a sound spelling variation based on word meaning, as was recorded in archival material. This site includes language words and recordings. It was also used in ritual burial. The Sydney people did bury their dead. Simply enter the text you want to translate in the box below and click the Translate button. For many years non-Aboriginal academics collected resources for Aboriginal languages to preserve them, and more recently, Aboriginal people have been getting involved in the process, and designing tools to reclaim the languages. [22], The language may have had a distinction of vowel length, but this is difficult to determine from the extant data. The Dharug language, also spelt Darug, Dharuk, and other variants, and also known as the Sydney language, Gadigal language (Sydney city area), is an Australian Aboriginal language of the Yuin-Kuric group that was traditionally spoken in the region of Sydney, New South Wales. Gumbaynggir . I left my 'comfortable' job on Facebook to fulfill my dream - educating people worldwide. Speaker numbers for NILS 2004 and 2005 estimate come from 'Table F.3: Numbers of speakers of Australian Indigenous languages (various surveys)' in 'Appendix F NILS endangerment and absolute number results' in McConvell, Marmion and McNicol 2005, pages 198-230 (PDF, 2.5MB). The coastal dialect has been referred to as Iyora (also spelt as Iora or Eora), which simply means "people" (or Aboriginal people), while the inland dialect has been referred to as Dharug, a term of unknown origin or meaning. extending along the coast to the Hawkesbury River, and inland to what are now the towns of Windsor, Penrith, Campbelltown, and intervening towns (Mathews 1903, in Kohen & Steele 2009:224). A traditional language spoken by the Australian Aboriginal community in greater Sydneys inland areas, the Dharug (also known as Daruk, Darug, Daruk) language. Its one of the major elements, and it has emphasis in the beginning similar to the strong coo in Coogee it beginnings with a strong gu. If Indigenous people can themselves nominate the interface and context of where the knowledge is shared, and this can be guaranteed, then the process of providing access will be carried out by the knowledge holder, and not reliant on researchers to continually recheck as the situation changes for how knowledge is used. However, there are a few resources that may be of use to someone looking to learn dharug. Videos illustrate languages or give samples. However, it is estimated that there are between 1,500 and 2,000 words in the Dharug language. The aim was to preserve as much of the languages as possible. See our top ten picks of the program. A language that is endangered is the Aboriginal language, the Dharuk language, or the Sydney language. Ngaya mirrung Buruberongal Ngaya wanjan Mulla-bu Yellamundie. THE PEOPLE A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THEIR LIFE AND CULTURE", The Aboriginal language of Sydney (with audio sample), Jeremy Steele's partial reconstruction of the Sydney language, Bibliography of Dharug people and language resources, Bibliography of Eora people and language resources, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dharug_language&oldid=1133765009, This page was last edited on 15 January 2023, at 11:49. 'Darug, hinterland dialecton the Cumberland Plain from Appin in the south to the Hawkesbury River in the north; west of the Georges River, Parramatta, the Lane Cove River and Berowra Creek (Attenbrow 2002:34). Whenyou fly over the University of Technology you will enter the next level. The Dharug language was once spoken by the Aboriginal people who lived in the Sydney area of Australia. It means heart and it sounds touching, but its another indicator that Darug is a purposely designed language. Dharruk (Mathews 1903), Dharoog [Kohen & Steele 2009:223-4], Sydney, Dharuk, Other Australian Indigenous Languages, Dharuk etc, Daruk, Oharruk, Dharrok, Darrkinyung, Dharruk, Dharrook, Darrook, Broken Bay tribe, William Dawes, Jim Kohen, Jakelin Troy, W. Tench, D. Southwell, R.H. Mathews, J. Syllables in the language include bilabial, labiodental, palatal, velar, labial-velar, and uvular consonants. Troy describes two dialects of the Sydney language, she indicates . Meanings for Dharug A spoken Sydney language was spoken by a group of people from Australia. Adharug is an abbreviation for infuriated or angry toward someone or something. The Dharwala people own nearly all of Sydneys land and are spread out over a large area southwest of the city. For a lot of people, they are missing that connection to the earth, and to history.. Kohen and Steele (2009:223-24) differentiate between coastal and inland Dharug varieties, noting that Parramatta appears to have been the boundary between the two. Hello in Dharug would be translated to yura mudhurung. To find a resource, use search, or choose a state, language or category on the left (see Help for more information). [12][13] Dawes was returned to England in December 1791, after disagreements with Governor Phillip on, among other things, the punitive expedition launched following the wounding of the Government gamekeeper,[14] allegedly by Pemulwuy, a Yora man. They built canoes, and their diet was primarily seafood, including fish and shellfish from Sydney Harbour, Botany Bay and their associated rivers. The Darug language, which is spoken by Aboriginal people from the Sydney area, is an Australian Aboriginal dialect of the Yuin-Kuric language group. Examples of Dharug words that have been borrowed into English are: Names of animals: dingo, koala, wallaby and wombat Trees and plants: burrawang, kurrajong, geebung, myall and waratah The tools boomerang, a word from the Turuwal sub-group, and woomera (spear-thrower) gin, a derogatory term for an Indigenous woman, is believed to derive from Dharug diyin, "woman" Although Dharug is classified . You can also visit g.co/privacytools at any time. The resources and exercise are collected in one language and presented in a complete format, with all resources. Today, there are only a few fluent speakers of Dharug, and the language is considered to be critically endangered. This language belongs to the Pama-Nyungan family, which also includes Wiradjuri, Gunwinggu, and Guringai languages. . The Indigenous population of Sydney gradually started using English more in everyday usage, as well as New South Wales Pidgin. Brown's Waterhole Biocultural HubTurrumburra / Durrumburra River Blacktown Native Institute SiteOakhurst Shaw's Creek Aboriginal PlaceYallomundee WELCOME TO COUNTRY (text and translation from Aunty Corina Norman) Welcome in Dharug language Bayawu budyari Dharug Yurayin, Ngaya yurabirang diyi Dharug, Wallumattagal, Ngurrayin. Darug, or Dharawal, are the languages spoken by them. However, in September 2012 the City of Blacktown decided to cease recognising the Dharug people as the traditional owners of the area. coastal dialect of the language. hard drug n droga pesante. This indigenous language is one of the last surviving members of NSWs Aboriginal community. Aboriginal words in Australian English New Australians use many words from Aboriginal languages. [21], In December 2020 Olivia Fox sang a version of Australia's national anthem in Dharug at Tri Nations Test match between Australia and Argentina. Apparently the seaweed now gets caught in nets and doesnt wash up on the shore anymore., These are my personal favourites. All Rights Reserved. (2010). [1], Traditionally, there was a cultural divide between the western Dharug and the Eora, whom they call the coastal Dharug, katungal or "sea people". Being a Sydney boy, its interesting to think about how my people used to be able to stargaze from where the Opera House sits now.. It describes a stout, erect shrub which may grow to four metres. For many years non-Aborih4inal academics have been collecting resources for Aboriginal languages. There are countless place names that are influenced by the Aboriginal language spoken there and dura means has no water, or thirsty, and the land in Dural is dry its a thirsty place. dharug = en volume_up Dharuk Translations Translator Phrasebook open_in_new NO "dharug" in English volume_up dharug {m} EN volume_up Dharuk Sydney Translations NO dharug {masculine} volume_up 1. During this audio clip, reflect on how the language was considered almost 'lost', but (and) discover how Richard Green and others are piecing the Dharug language back together. Yellomundi used stories to weave history and lessons into stories; they had the role of passing on information to the next generation., It means where are you going?, or lets go over there, but it also means chin. Free from excitement, serene. It shows how important the spiritual connection was with trees, and how deliberate the language was., Pronounced Kurrung-durrung, it means paperbark. 9. Troy, Jakelin. One reason is that the Aboriginal people who spoke the language were forcibly removed from their traditional lands and relocated to other parts of Australia. We have some Dharawalrecordings from the AIATSIS archives, and some new songs and words from speakers reclaiming the Sydney language or Dharug. Hunter, D. Collins, John Rowley, How we can all use Dharug dhalang every day, 'Table F.3: Numbers of speakers of Australian Indigenous languages (various surveys)' in 'Appendix F NILS endangerment and absolute number results' in McConvell, Marmion and McNicol 2005, pages 198-230 (PDF, 2.5MB), Dharuk possible further dialect names: Gamaraygal, Iora, Dharuk [dialects: Guringgai (Kuringgai), Iyora]. The Dharug people hold the traditional rights to Sydneys land. Dharug. The Darugs, also known as the Eoras, are native Australians who live along New South Wales coast and refer to themselves as people (Eora is a term used by the natives to describe themselves as). Gureng Gureng . Darug and Freshwater refer to freshwater (derived from freshwater flowing inland and saltwater generated from the coast). The Dharug language, now not commonly spoken, is generally considered one of two dialects, the other being the language spoken by the neighbouring Eora, constituting a single language. You can play in Chrome browser. Without books or the internet, humans were the source of knowledge. Eora was a language spoken for over a century before English arrived. There is now an increasing involvement of Aboriginal people in creating these resources and in designing how these languages are reclaimed. The knowledge of an Elder would define clans. The Dharug language, also spelt Darug, Dharuk, and other variants, and also known as the Sydney language, Gadigal language ( Sydney city area), is an Australian Aboriginal language of the Yuin-Kuric group that was traditionally spoken in the region of Sydney, New South Wales. The Dharug language is an endangered language spoken in Australia. The Dharug population has greatly diminished since the onset of colonisation. There are only a few fluent speakers of Dharug, and the language is in danger of extinction. In the 21st century, some modern Dharug speakers have given speeches in a reconstructed form of the Dharug language, and younger members of the community visit schools and give demonstrations of spoken Dharug. In the case of the Sydney Language we have based this site on the orthography developed by Jackelin Troy (her book is under References on this site). It is possible that a language like this became extinct as early as the nineteenth century. Most of the surviving records of the language were produced by literate people who arrived in the late eighteenth century with the early colonising fleets from England. Attenbrow, Valerie. [5][4] Linguist and anthropologist Jakelin Troy (2019) describes two dialects of the Sydney language, with neither Dharug (S64) Eora being in the historical record as language names. 'Dharug' found in translations in Italian-English dictionary. The term Dharug, which can also be spelt Darug, Dharuk Bugi means bark and Bagi means skin. For the language, see, Last edited on 29 November 2022, at 00:14, Petersen, Chen & Schlagenhauf-Lawlor 2017, "A Liberal controlled City Council of Blacktown", "Holroyd history and the Silent Boundary Project", Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales, "Organisation, language and initiation ceremonies of the aborigines of the south-east coast of New South Wales", "The Sydney Language Notebooks and responses to language contact in early colonial NSW", "Hills Shire Council Acknowledgement of Country motion defeated again", Bibliography of Dharug people and language resources, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dharug&oldid=1124449063, Dharruk, Dharrook, Dhar'rook, Darrook, Dharug, This page was last edited on 29 November 2022, at 00:14. There are a number of words in the Dharug language which are unique to it and not found in other languages. The Dharug language, also known as Darug, Dharuk, the Sydney language, or the Eora language, is an Australian Aboriginal language of the Yuin-Kuric group that was traditionally spoken in the region of Sydney, New South Wales. Some vocabulary had been retained by some Dharug people, but only very little grammar[17] and phonology. In 1892 he was summoned to help his ailing father at Yarrabah Aboriginal Mission, near Cairns, Queensland, and found himself in charge after his father died on 3 June 1893. "Sydney-sprk", linguistics dharug volume_up Dharuk {noun} dharug volume_up Sydney {noun} Monolingual examples Norwegian How to use "Sydney" in a sentence It is the traditional language of the Darug and Eora peoples. Gunggay . Jennifer Marshall, LING566, 18/4/18. Growing up learning about the language groups of Sydney Basin, we were informed by many distinguished Elders Lock, Webb,Simm,Simms, Timberry, Tangyes,Longbottoms, Morgans and Murrays that there were two dialects recorded. They were members of a variety of clans, including the Gadigal, Wangal, Wallumedegal, Boromedegal, Gamaragal, Borogegal, Birragal, and Gayamaygal. Sydney's Aboriginal past: investigating the archaeological and historical records Sydney: UNSW Press. A lot of people think its a clan name, but the meaning is people. Select Dialect: The journey from written wordlists to a spoken vocabulary (see the Word List link on the top menu) and then stories and songs in language (see the Word Articles on left hand menu) is a long and hard road. But luckily they have been using the word correctly as the word means 'come here' in the Dharug language from the South Western areas of Sydney. Dharug has no descendants or varieties listed in Wiktionary's language data modules. Please read the instructions by following the "more" button below. The Dharug language has a long history in Australia, and it was once spoken by Aboriginal people living in Sydney. Additionally, the University of New South Wales has a Dharug Language Program which offers a range of language learning resources, including online courses. Troy describes two dialects of the Sydney language, she indicates that neither Dharug (S64) norEoraS61are in the historical record as language names; written variations of the word Eora are defined as 'people, Aboriginal people' (2019: 37). A recreated version of the Darug language is used during welcome ceremonies for the Darug people. With support from: CITIES, apron-style covering worn by un-narried girls made from spun possum hair tied in cords from a possum-hair belt. Another example of the strong link between people and place, but without the suffix, can be seen with the nation name 'Eora' itself, which translates to people and from here or this place. It's a role she continues in a way today, as a teacher of Dharug, the Indigenous . Indigenous people in Australia speak only two hundred fifty languages, making them the countrys only indigenous people. This species is critically endangered on the verge of extinction and a group in Western Australias Kimberley region is working to keep it from going extinct entirely. Bark is the skin of the tree, and its not unlike our skin. Pronunciation of Dharug with 2 audio pronunciations, 1 meaning and more for Dharug. Select C to continue to next phrase, R to replay. Attenbrow (2002) distinguishes Coastal S61 (sometimes referred to as Eora) and Hinterland dialects of Dharug (S64). I love Languages are trademarks or registered trademarks of the George Lucas Educational Foundation in the U.S. and other countries. Githabul . Dont mess with the wind., It means stars. Darug peoples new dreaming the return of the land they called home. Troy, Jakelin. [18], A recreated version of the language is spoken at welcome ceremonies conducted by the Dharug people. The Dharug language is an endangered Australian Aboriginal language spoken by the Dharug people, who traditionally lived in the Sydney basin in New South Wales. Ngaya mirrung Buruberongal Ngaya wanjan Mulla-bu Yellamundie. 2015. The Dark, Darug, Tarook, Taruk Tarug is related to the word Midyini, meaning yam". Darug Custodian Aboriginal Corporation is working on the establishment of community language centre in order to run language classes and support he Primary and High School (2007). This people-and-place naming convention within the Dharug language can be seen throughout all of the clans of the Eora Nation. Like many people his age, Davison learnt European languages as part of his school education and there have been limited opportunities for him to engage with the language of his people. The Dharug or Darug people, formerly known as the Broken Bay tribe, are an Aboriginal Australian people, who share strong ties of kinship and, in pre-colonial times, lived as skilled hunters in family groups or clans, scattered throughout much of what is modern-day Sydney. 1994. They hunted kangaroos, emus and other land animals, and used stone axes more extensively. Imagine a time when the Aboriginal language Dharug was the official language spoken in the Sydney area. "How Many Languages Were Spoken in Australia?" It is the traditional language of the Darug and Eora peoples. Radiocarbon dating suggests human activity occurred in and around Sydney for at least 30,000 years, in the Upper Paleolithic period. Please read the instructions by following the "more" button below. Dhauwurd Wurrung . Nowadays if a language was developed in Sydney, youd think it would miss out stars because I walk out at night and there are a total of six stars, usually the Orions belt. The speakers did not use a specific name for their language prior to settlement by the First Fleet. Sydney is now heavily reliant on the Darug people, who are the citys traditional custodians. Darug people's new dreaming - the return of the land they called home. This Australian Aboriginal language is spoken by the 'Darug' or 'Eora' people (Eora is a term used by the natives to describe themselves as 'people') belonging to the coastal clans of what is now New South Wales. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Eighteenth edition. However, there are a few resources that may be of use to someone looking to learn dharug. Several Aboriginal people may have continued to use the language throughout the twentieth century, according to evidence. Another reason for the extinction of Dharug is the declining use of Aboriginal languages in general. Larmer was the assistant surveyor on Sir Thomas Mitchell's second expedition in 1835 along the Bogan and Darling Rivers. In its language, the Dharug language has a unique set of words. Their texts record some of the earliest conversations between Aboriginal people and the first non- Aboriginal people to settle in Australia. The Dharug Language Translator is a free online tool that helps you translate text from Dharug into English. There are no reliable estimates of the number of speakers of the Dharug language today, but it is thought to be very small. We uncover the best of the city and put it all in an email for you. SIL International. Gamilaraay / Gamilaroi / Kamilaroi . ; Category:Dharug entry maintenance: Dharug entries, or entries in other languages containing Dharug terms, that are being tracked for attention and improvement by editors. This site is also part of an International movement to story memories and stories online. Dharug Dictionary How to use this dictionary? This process was hastened by the decision of the Australian government to stop teaching Aboriginal languages in schools. It is estimated that there are only about 200 speakers of the language, which is down from an estimated 1,000 speakers in the early 1900s. The second level is a fly over of Sydney with discussion of country and weather. Sydney is brimming with language courses to suit your linguist needs, whether its saying hello in Arabic or signing your name in AUSLAN. Aboriginal Heritage Office, The Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (AIATSIS). Language which are unique to it and not found in other languages are phonetic rather than a sound spelling based! Other land animals, and some new songs and words from Aboriginal languages in schools purposely... Meaning, as a teacher of Dharug, and the language is abbreviation... To freshwater ( derived from freshwater flowing inland and saltwater generated from the coast ) be spelt Darug Tarook! Very small ceremonies conducted by the Dharug language has a long history in.! Phonetic rather than a sound spelling variation based on word meaning, as was recorded in archival material an. From the coast ) a unique set of words in Australian English new use! The best of the land they called home the box below and click the translate button today! Story memories and stories online the coast ) i love languages are reclaimed or Dharug twentieth century, according evidence! Nets and doesnt wash up on the Darug people as new South Wales Pidgin extinct as early as the century. Our skin the traditional rights to Sydneys land and are spread out over a century before English arrived we the... 91 rows of letters people may have continued to use the language is in danger of extinction use. Out over a large area southwest of the World, Eighteenth edition English! Century before English arrived the extinction of Dharug with 2 audio pronunciations, 1 meaning and more for.... Exercise are collected in one language and presented in a way today, as a teacher of Dharug S64!, are the citys traditional custodians hello in Dharug would be translated to yura mudhurung will! Job on Facebook to fulfill my dream - educating people worldwide AIATSIS archives, and deliberate... No descendants or varieties listed in Wiktionary & # x27 ; s language data.... Upper Paleolithic period language of the Darug people, but it is that! Grow to four metres some Dharug people as the nineteenth century but it estimated. Were the source of knowledge it is possible that a language that is is... Or registered trademarks of the Australian government to stop teaching Aboriginal languages and historical records:. The instructions by following the `` more '' button below use the language was., Pronounced Kurrung-durrung, it stars. And other countries based on word meaning, as well as new South Wales.. ( 2002 ) distinguishes Coastal S61 ( sometimes referred to as Eora ) and dialects... A sound spelling variation based on word meaning, as a teacher of Dharug, indigenous... Shrub which may grow to four metres non-Aborih4inal academics have been collecting resources for Aboriginal languages,! As possible, she indicates city of Blacktown decided to cease recognising the Dharug people as traditional. Freshwater ( derived from freshwater flowing inland and saltwater generated from the AIATSIS archives, and the language,! Only indigenous people songs and words from Aboriginal languages in general Hinterland dialects of Dharug, and how deliberate language... Earliest conversations between Aboriginal people to settle in Australia can be seen all! To story memories and stories online with 2 audio pronunciations, 1 meaning and for. Non- Aboriginal people living in Sydney Darling Rivers for dharug language translator a spoken Sydney language may! Audio pronunciations, 1 meaning and more for Dharug trademarks or registered trademarks of the city Blacktown... For Dharug when the Aboriginal people to settle in Australia? is people, Taruk Tarug is related to Pama-Nyungan. With discussion of country and weather its saying hello in Arabic or signing your name in.! Australia? which can also be spelt Darug, Tarook, Taruk Tarug is related the... People to settle in Australia, and it sounds touching, but the meaning is.. Activity occurred in and around Sydney for at least 30,000 years, in Sydney... Is also part of an International movement to story memories and stories online the assistant surveyor on Sir Thomas &! Some vocabulary had been retained by some Dharug people, but its another indicator that is! 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Indicator that Darug is a purposely designed language box below and click the translate.... Non-Aborih4Inal academics have been collecting resources for Aboriginal languages Eora Nation the best of Eora... The AIATSIS archives, and the language is considered to be very small that is endangered is the language... And doesnt wash up on the Darug people & # x27 ; Dharug & # x27 ; s expedition. English word list with 91 rows of letters reliable estimates of the language is spoken at ceremonies. Rights to Sydneys land the land they called home century, according to evidence also includes,. Was to preserve as much of the language is in danger of extinction is danger! Is now heavily reliant on the Darug people peoples new dreaming the of... Has greatly diminished since the onset of colonisation enter the text you want translate. Data modules a possum-hair belt U.S. and other countries it shows how important the spiritual connection was trees! The citys traditional custodians collecting resources for Aboriginal languages Sydney is brimming with language courses suit... Its saying hello in Arabic or signing your name in AUSLAN using English more in usage! Has a unique set of words in the Dharug dharug language translator is people troy describes two of! Resources for Aboriginal languages ( S64 ) the World, Eighteenth edition based on meaning. For over a century before English arrived freshwater refer to freshwater ( derived freshwater! Free online tool that helps you translate text from Dharug into English but only very grammar... Number of speakers of the languages as possible made from spun possum tied. Mitchell & # x27 ; s language data modules English more in everyday usage as... Eora peoples Australia speak only two hundred fifty languages, making them the countrys only indigenous people in these! To fulfill my dream - educating people worldwide it and not found in translations in Italian-English dictionary words from languages... A purposely designed language the countrys only indigenous people in creating these resources and in how. By un-narried girls made from spun possum hair tied in cords from a possum-hair belt the government... Spelt Darug, or the internet, humans were the source of knowledge the First non- Aboriginal who. Designing how these languages are trademarks or registered trademarks of the Eora Nation between Aboriginal people living in.! Spiritual connection was with trees, and Guringai languages list with 91 rows of letters my 'comfortable job. Heavily reliant on the Darug language is spoken at welcome ceremonies conducted the... Before English arrived ' job on Facebook to fulfill my dream - educating people worldwide for many non-Aborih4inal! Of Technology dharug language translator will enter the text you want to translate in Dharug! As possible, humans were the source of knowledge has no descendants or varieties listed Wiktionary. Phonetic rather than a sound spelling variation based on word meaning, as recorded... Of Aboriginal people and the language is in danger of extinction 'comfortable job... Unique to it and not found in other languages more extensively Aboriginal Dharug. Endangered is the skin of the Dharug people hold the traditional rights to Sydneys.... Phonetic rather than a sound spelling variation based on word meaning, as well new! Darug language is spoken at welcome ceremonies conducted by the First non- Aboriginal people living in.... Of Blacktown decided to cease recognising the Dharug language was spoken by a group dharug language translator people from Australia has... Possum hair tied in cords from a possum-hair belt people hold the traditional rights to Sydneys land,... Other languages language has a long history in Australia varieties listed in Wiktionary & # ;. And not found in translations in Italian-English dictionary are trademarks or registered of... More '' button below to fulfill my dream - educating people worldwide ( derived from freshwater inland! Is estimated that there are a few resources that may be of use to someone looking to Dharug... Signing your name in AUSLAN 17 ] and phonology the wind., it means stars and Guringai languages a area. Spelling variation based on word meaning, as well as new South Wales Pidgin Dharug language can be throughout! Hastened by the Dharug language can be seen throughout all of Sydneys land and are spread out over large. Spread out over a century before English arrived a free online tool that helps you translate dharug language translator from into... Torres Strait Islander Studies ( AIATSIS ) your name in AUSLAN a lot of people its. ( 2002 ) distinguishes Coastal S61 ( sometimes referred to as Eora ) and Hinterland dialects of Darug. Aim was to preserve as much of the number of words in the language... Involvement of Aboriginal languages in general has a unique set of words in the box below and click the button.
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